In recent years, GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro have garnered significant attention for their role in aiding weight loss and managing Type 2 Diabetes; most recently, research has even shown their benefit in those with heart disease. While these medications offer promising benefits, it is crucial to understand their limitations and the importance of a comprehensive approach to health and wellness.
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone produced in the gut that plays a significant role in regulating appetite (as well as cravings!) and blood glucose levels. Specifically, GLP-1 medications interact with the gut microbiome and influence the following:
Appetite Regulation: GLP-1 medications mimic the action of the natural GLP-1 hormone. When these medications are introduced into the body, they bind to GLP-1 receptors in the brain, particularly in areas that control hunger and satiety. This interaction helps reduce appetite and increase feelings of fullness, leading to reduced food intake. This effect is a favorite of many as it forces one to eat less and not have as much “food noise” when deciding food options.
Slowing Gastric Emptying: These medications slow down the rate at which the stomach empties food into the small intestine. This delayed gastric emptying helps prolong the feeling of fullness after eating, further aiding in appetite control and reducing overall calorie intake.
Insulin Secretion: GLP-1 stimulates the pancreas to release insulin in response to food intake, helping to lower blood sugar levels. It also suppresses the release of glucagon, a hormone that increases blood sugar levels. This dual action helps maintain better glucose control, which is particularly beneficial for individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. This also reduces cravings due to the lack of up and down spikes in glucose.
Reduction of Glucose Production: By inhibiting glucagon release, GLP-1 medications also reduce the liver’s production of glucose, contributing to lower blood sugar levels.
Many users of GLP-1 medications find that they experience significant weight loss, sometimes as much as 20% of their weight due to how they work in our bodies. Besides the weight loss, many find the decrease in “food noise” or the constant thinking of what to eat next to be comforting and helpful in making better, more healthy food choices.
When considering GLP-1 medications for weight loss, it’s important to understand their role in both short-term and long-term use:
Short-Term Use
In the short term, GLP-1 medications can kickstart weight loss efforts by providing immediate benefits in appetite control and blood sugar regulation. This initial phase can be particularly motivating for individuals looking to make significant lifestyle changes. Additionally, I have also had success using GLP-1 medications in those that have reached a plateau in their weight loss and/or that have a small amount of weight to lose. However, the short-term use of these medications is generally not recommended as a standalone solution. Without ongoing support and lifestyle adjustments, the weight loss achieved may not be sustainable.
Long-Term Use
For sustained weight loss and health benefits, GLP-1 medications are often used as part of a long-term treatment plan. Long-term use helps maintain the physiological benefits of appetite regulation and blood sugar control, which can be crucial for individuals with chronic conditions like obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. It is important to note that long-term use of GLP-1 medications should always be supervised by a healthcare provider to monitor effectiveness, manage side effects, and adjust dosages as needed.
“Despite their benefits, GLP-1 medications are not a cure-all solution.”
The Importance of Professional Guidance
Despite their benefits, GLP-1 medications are not a cure-all solution. Working with a healthcare provider experienced with these medications is essential. I cannot stress this enough as there are many companies popping up across the nation that profess being an expert in obesity management and that are prescribing GLP-1 medications with little follow-up. Here’s why:
Personalized Care: An experienced healthcare provider can tailor treatment to your specific needs, ensuring that the medication is used safely and effectively. When working with a provider, ask what framework they utilize to develop a plan for their patients. The Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) has developed the gold standard on obesity management and set the standard for providers offering obesity management services.
Monitoring Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and digestive issues. Those with a history of medullary thyroid cancer and/or frequent pancreatitis are not candidates for GLP-1 medications. A healthcare provider can help manage these side effects and adjust the treatment plan as needed.
Comprehensive Approach: A healthcare provider can integrate GLP-1 medication into a broader wellness plan that includes diet, exercise, and mental health support. GLP-1 medications are NOT miracle drugs and should not be treated as such.
Maintaining Lean Muscle Mass
One of the concerns with rapid weight loss is the potential loss of lean muscle mass. Loss of muscle mass is not something to take lightly, which is why I wanted to specifically separately it out in this post. Maintaining muscle mass is crucial for overall health, metabolism, and functional strength. Recent studies have shown that muscle mass is linked to longevity, meaning that the more muscle mass a person has, the more likely they are to live longer and happier. Here are some strategies to ensure you preserve muscle while using GLP-1 medications:
Protein Intake: Ensure you consume enough protein to support muscle repair and growth (approximately 0.8-1g/kg/day). Include high-quality protein sources such as lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, and plant-based proteins in your diet.
Resistance Exercise: Incorporate strength training exercises into your routine at least 2-3 times a week. Resistance exercises like weight lifting, bodyweight exercises, Pilates, and resistance band workouts help build and maintain muscle mass.
Balanced Nutrition: In addition to protein, ensure your diet includes a variety of nutrients to support overall health. A balanced diet will provide the vitamins and minerals necessary for muscle maintenance and energy.
GLP-1 medications can be a valuable tool in your weight loss journey, but they should be part of a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle changes and ongoing support. Here are some key takeaways for achieving sustainable health and weight loss:
Consistency is Key: Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and adherence to medication are crucial for long-term success.
Holistic Approach: Consider your overall well-being, including mental health, stress management, and sleep, as part of your health journey.
Stay Informed: Continuously educate yourself about your health, medications, and wellness strategies to make informed decisions.
Healthy Eating: A balanced diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates supports overall health and complements the appetite-regulating effects of GLP-1 medications.
Regular Exercise: Incorporating both aerobic and resistance exercises helps maintain muscle mass, boost metabolism, and improve cardiovascular health. This is particularly important as muscle mass can decrease with rapid weight loss if not adequately supported by exercise.
Behavioral Changes: Addressing psychological and behavioral aspects of eating through counseling, mindfulness practices, or support groups can enhance the effectiveness of GLP-1 medications and contribute to long-term success.
Conclusion
While GLP-1 medications offer promising benefits for weight loss and diabetes management, they are not miracle drugs and should not be used lightly. Sustainable health and weight loss require hard work, dedication, and a holistic approach. Many times I try to utilize a natural approach prior to medications and have found that many people do well with this. By working with a knowledgeable healthcare provider and taking steps to maintain lean muscle mass, you can achieve and maintain your wellness goals. Remember, true health is a lifelong journey, and every step you take towards a healthier lifestyle is a step towards a better you.
Stay informed, stay healthy, and embrace the journey to your best self! 🌿✨
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider
References
Astrup, A., Carraro, R., Finer, N., Harper, A., Kunesova, M., Lean, M. E., … & Rossner, S. (2017). Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. International Journal of Obesity, 36(6), 843-854.
Buse, J. B., Wexler, D. J., Tsapas, A., Rossing, P., Mingrone, G., Mathieu, C., & D’Alessio, D. A. (2020). 2019 update to: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. Diabetes Care, 43(2), 487-493.
Davies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., … & Jendle, J. (2015). Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE Diabetes randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 314(7), 687-699.
Drucker, D. J. (2018). Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1. Cell Metabolism, 27(4), 740-756.
Holst, J. J., Rosenkilde, M. M., & Deacon, C. F. (2020). Pharmacology of incretin hormones with special reference to clinical pharmacology of GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. Pharmacological Reviews, 72(4), 604-648.
Kushner, R. F., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Dicker, D., Garvey, W. T., Goldman, B., … & le Roux, C. W. (2020). Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of obesity in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 22(10), 1901-1911.
Lean, M. E., Astrup, A., Roberts, S. B., & Hanson, R. L. (2019). Making progress on the global crisis of obesity and weight management. The Lancet, 394(10215), 206-210.
Müller, T. D., Finan, B., Clemmensen, C., DiMarchi, R. D., & Tschöp, M. H. (2019). The new biology and pharmacology of glucagon-like peptide-1. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 94(1), 51-67.
Wilding, J. P., Batterham, R. L., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Van Gaal, L. F., Lingvay, I., … & Lau, D. C. (2021). Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11), 989-1002.
In our fast-paced world, achieving and maintaining a sense of wellness and (especially) a healthy weight is often framed in terms of diet and exercise alone. There were many times during my own wellness journey that I was told to “just cut some calories” and “run more if you want to lose weight”. However, I discovered that true wellness encompasses much more. A holistic approach to health considers various foundational elements that include: water, food, exercise, air, sunlight, rest, energy, and spirituality. Each of these components plays a critical role in overall wellness that, ultimately, leads to better weight management. Let’s explore how they interconnect and how you can incorporate them into your daily life for optimal health.
Water: The Elixir of Life
Water (not coffee, juice, or soda—they don’t count!) is essential for every cellular function in our bodies. It aids in digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Proper hydration can boost metabolism, making it easier to maintain a healthy weight. Aim to drink at least half your body weight in ounces of water daily. Start your day with a glass of water and carry a refillable bottle to stay hydrated throughout the day. I am a huge fan of my Stanley cup and make it my goal to drink (2) full Stanley cups (40oz each) per day. Be creative with your water too. I like to add fruit, herbal teas, organic flavor packets, and minerals. However you decide to get your water in, just make sure that you are drinking clean water that is free of harmful chemicals (and sugars) if utilizing a flavor packet.
Food: Nourishment and Fuel
The food we consume is the fuel that powers our bodies. A diet rich in whole foods—fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains—provides essential nutrients that support metabolic function and overall health. Avoid processed foods high in sugars and unhealthy fats, which can lead to weight gain and chronic health issues. Instead, focus on balanced meals that include a variety of colorful, nutrient-dense foods. I always tell my kids to “eat the rainbow”. This is not only what our bodies need, but always makes cooking fun!
Exercise: Movement for Life
Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and overall wellness. Exercise not only burns calories but also builds muscle, improves cardiovascular health, and boosts mood through the release of endorphins. Incorporate a mix of aerobic exercises, strength training, and flexibility workouts like yoga into your routine. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. I won’t get on my soapbox in this post, but it is also important to remember that exercise should be something you enjoy verses something that completely stresses your body out. If your body is completely stressed out because of what you are doing and/or because you are working out to much or too often, then your stress hormones will elevate. This then can cause an increase in inflammation which can throw your hormones off and cause rebound weight gain. I had to learn this the hard way on my journey as I was an avid runner, but became frustrated when I couldn’t get passed 180lbs. It sounded counterintuitive at the time, but decreasing my weekly runs to two times per week (<30 min each time) and adding in two weight training days (15 min each) and daily yoga (10-15 min each time) made all the difference for me.
Clean air is vital for our respiratory health and overall well-being. I’m not just talking about tossing that tobacco habit either. Pollution and toxins can impair lung function and increase the risk of various diseases. Practice deep breathing exercises to improve lung capacity and reduce stress. Spend time in nature where air quality is generally better, and consider using air purifiers in your home to maintain a clean indoor environment. In my house, we have an air purify and/or salt lamp in every room to help cleanse the air. I have also made deep breathing and meditation a daily morning habit that has done wonders for my stress levels.
Sunlight: The Natural Energizer
Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, which is essential for bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Exposure to sunlight helps regulate our circadian rhythms, improving sleep quality and energy levels. Aim for at least 15-30 minutes of sunlight exposure each day, preferably first thing in the morning. Protect your skin with appropriate clothing and sunscreen to prevent overexposure. This is especially important for those that live in the northern parts of the U.S. where our sunlight exposure is somewhat limited at times.
Rest: The Rejuvenator
Quality sleep is fundamental to health and weight management. During sleep, our bodies repair tissues, consolidate memories, and regulate hormones that control hunger and metabolism. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night. Establish a regular sleep schedule, create a restful environment, and practice good sleep hygiene by avoiding screens before bedtime. I also find it helpful to take breaks during the day. Many times our busy lives force us to work through lunch breaks. I would encourage you to not do that if possible. Take those breaks as a time to decompress, deep breathe, and re-center yourself. Rest isn’t just about sleeping at night. It’s also about finding that those quite moments where we can bring our mind back into the present and just be.
Energy: The Vital Force
Our bodies operate on a complex system of energy derived from food, sleep, and our environment. Maintaining balanced energy levels throughout the day supports productivity, mood, and physical activity. Monitor your energy patterns and adjust your lifestyle to include regular meals, hydration, exercise, and relaxation techniques to keep your energy steady. Sometimes we need to have our energy unblocked and/or reset by enjoying a massage and/or by doing an acupuncture session. Lymph support is also important for proper energy flow, so incorporating sauna sessions, rebounding, etc… can also be helpful.
Spirituality: The Inner Connection
Spirituality can provide a sense of purpose, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being. I cannot stress enough that this doesn’t necessarily mean religion; it can be any practice that brings you peace and connection, such as meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature. Spiritual practices can help you stay grounded, reduce emotional eating, and foster a positive mindset towards your health journey. My relationship with Christ has not been centered around a church membership, but rather it has been centered around me finding my purpose in Him and personally growing to meet that purpose. This has been an aspect of my journey that has been so important as I had to realize that my value was more than my weight. I had a higher purpose in life than to be skinny and look great in a bathing suit. Sometimes spirituality is about bringing perspective verses adding in another set of rules for our life.
So how do you incorporate the foundations of health? I will be the first to say that how you incorporate them should fit you and your lifestyle. They should not cause extra stress, but should create a sense of freedom. I always tell my patients that I hate fad diets because so many of them are made as a one-size fits all. We are all different so that doesn’t even make sense. So here is a starting point on how you can integrate them into your daily routine. Try a couple and see if they work for you.
Morning Routine: Start your day with a glass of water, a nutritious breakfast, and some sunlight exposure.
Daily Movement: Incorporate regular physical activity, whether it’s a morning jog, a yoga session, or an evening walk.
Mindful Eating: Focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods and avoid processed options. Practice mindful eating by paying attention to hunger and fullness cues.
Hydration: Keep a water bottle with you and sip throughout the day.
Clean Air: Spend time outdoors in nature and ensure your indoor spaces are well-ventilated.
Restful Sleep: Establish a calming nighttime routine to ensure quality sleep.
Energy Balance: Listen to your body and adjust your activities and diet to maintain balanced energy levels. Go enjoy that massage you’ve been needing!
Spiritual Practices: Incorporate activities that nourish your spirit, such as meditation, prayer, or connecting with nature.
By embracing these foundations of health, you create a comprehensive approach to wellness that goes beyond weight loss. This holistic lifestyle not only supports your physical health but also enhances your mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life.
I would love to hear any questions you may have and/or any topics you would like me to cover. Feel free to leave comments below!
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 06/24/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Armstrong, L. E. (2007). Assessing hydration status: The elusive gold standard. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(sup5), 575S-584S.
Ludwig, D. S. (2018). Always hungry?: Conquer cravings, retrain your fat cells, and lose weight permanently. Hachette UK.
Powell, K. E., Paluch, A. E., & Blair, S. N. (2011). Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what?. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 349-365.
Schraufnagel, D. E., Balmes, J. R., Cowl, C. T., De Matteis, S., Jung, S. H., Mortimer, K., … & Thurston, G. D. (2019). Air pollution and noncommunicable diseases: A review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, part 1: The damaging effects of air pollution. Chest, 155(2), 409-416.
Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(3), 266-281.
Irwin, M. R. (2015). Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 143-172.
Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Why zebras don’t get ulcers: The acclaimed guide to stress, stress-related diseases, and coping. Macmillan.
Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2012.
Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005). Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(2), 189-193.
Figueroa, S., Sanchez-Romero, L. M., & Amigo, H. (2020). Water, hydration and health. Nutrients, 12(2), 303.
This month marks the 9th anniversary of when I made a promise to myself that I would not give up on myself. In 2015, my life wasn’t where I wanted it to be physically and mentally. I had a great career and a wonderful, supportive family, but my ability to enjoy life felt limited. As a Family Nurse Practitioner, I was expected to promote health and wellness, yet I felt like a total hypocrite discussing this. My endocrinologist informed me that I would struggle with my weight forever due to Type II Diabetes and the absence of my thyroid, which was removed in 2010 following a Papillary Thyroid cancer diagnosis. At my heaviest, I weighed 254lbs and struggled to even play with my young children. I knew I had to make a change for myself and for my family. I always tell people I felt like I was trapped inside a body that I knew could be so much more.
Determined to improve my health, I turned to Beachbody (I really can’t say enough good things about this company!). This program provided a structured approach that I desperately needed at the time. That’s the hardest part, right? Where do you start when something is completely new to you?Through portion control and dedicated workouts, particularly the 22 Minute Hard Core program, I managed to lose 50lbs. I was so proud of this as I did it on my own. However, my progress was not without setbacks and I eventually found myself in pain and in a plateau. I developed persistent sciatica, which hindered my ability to be active and even pick up my kids at times.
In search of relief, I discovered yoga. The impact was so profound that I earned my 200-hour yoga certification and began teaching at a local gym. Embracing yoga introduced me to the Ayurvedic lifestyle, which further improved my eating habits and overall wellness. This phase of my life helped me shed an additional 20lbs, and made my sciatica almost non-existent. Despite this, I eventually found myself stuck in another plateau at 180lbs. I always tell people this plateau was the most frustrating as I had come so far but struggled mentally that I wasn’t doing enough. My mental health and confidence also took another hit as I also began dealing with loose skin at this point. Anybody that has dealt with loose skin can attest to how hard it is to deal with not just the physical concerns that loose skin causes but also the mental and emotional concerns. I needed a better option.
To address the loose skin and enhance my confidence, I opted for a tummy tuck. This surgery was life-changing. It not only improved my physical appearance and back health but also boosted my mental well-being and workout efficiency. I cannot say enough positives about getting a tummy tuck. Although it is not for everyone and is definitely NOT a painless surgery, it was well worth it. Despite these improvements, I remained at a weight plateau.
Seeking further assistance, I consulted a certified weight loss doctor who prescribed Ozempic. This medication helped me break through my plateau, leading to better blood sugar control and no more insulin. However, I experienced a significant loss of muscle mass, a trade-off that I will delve into in future posts. With the help of medications (Ozempic/Wegovy/Mounjaro), I reached 140lbs but then faced another plateau for over a year.
At the start of 2024, frustrated and aware that something was off with my hormones, I sought the help of a naturopath. My stress levels were sky high due to work stress, my sleep left much to be desired, my poor husband wasn’t sure what mood I would be in each day, and my weight loss was stagnant. It was at this point, a food intolerance test revealed that dairy was a major issue for me. Eliminating dairy from my diet was transformative: my migraines disappeared, my skin and hair improved, my sleep quality increased, and my inflammatory markers normalized for the first time ever! Finally, I broke through my plateau and reached my goal weight of 120lbs by summer.
From 2016 to now, I have lost a total of 135lbs and have achieved my best mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual health. This journey has been challenging but incredibly rewarding. It has taught me that weight loss is not just about calories in and out; it’s about finding balance and understanding your body. Through my personal journey, wellness has become my passion, and I enjoy coming alongside others to support them achieve their wellness goals. I truly believe everyone deserves to feel their best. I look forward to sharing more insights from my journey (there is just so much!) and helping others on their path to health each week in this blog.
Never give up—your wellness journey is worth every step.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
As Mental Health Awareness Month continues, it’s paramount to explore innovative approaches to enhancing mental well-being. One such approach gaining traction is red light therapy. This non-invasive treatment has shown promising results in alleviating symptoms of various mental health conditions, offering a ray of hope to those seeking alternative solutions.
Understanding Red Light Therapy and near-infrared (NIR) Therapy:
Red light therapy, also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM), involves exposure to low levels of red or near-infrared light. Red light therapy typically utilizes wavelengths in the range of 620 to 700 nanometers (nm), primarily targeting the visible red light spectrum. This light penetrates the skin to stimulate cellular function, promoting healing and regeneration. Red light therapy is commonly used for skincare, wound healing, pain relief, and reducing inflammation.
Near-Infrared Therapy or (NIR) utilizes wavelengths ranging from approximately 700 to 1100 nm, falling just beyond the visible red light spectrum. Near-infrared light penetrates deeper into the body, reaching muscles, joints, and deeper tissues. Near-infrared therapy primarily targets deeper tissues and has profound effects on cellular metabolism, promoting ATP production and facilitating tissue repair and regeneration. It can also help improve blood circulation and reduce oxidative stress. It is widely used for pain management, muscle recovery, joint health, and promoting overall tissue repair. It has applications in sports medicine, physical therapy, and rehabilitation, as well as in treating various chronic conditions such as arthritis and neuropathy.
At the cellular level, red light therapy works by enhancing mitochondrial function. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, absorb photons from the red light, leading to increased ATP production. This boost in cellular energy facilitates various biological processes, including tissue repair and neurotransmitter synthesis, which are crucial for mental health.
Mental Health Benefits
Red light therapy has shown promise in improving mental health through several mechanisms:
Neuroprotection: Red light therapy may protect neurons from damage and promote neuronal regeneration, potentially mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
Mood Regulation: By influencing neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and dopamine, red light therapy may help regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Stress Reduction: Reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation, red light therapy can help mitigate the effects of chronic stress on mental health.
Improved Sleep Quality: Red light therapy has been shown to regulate circadian rhythms and improve sleep patterns. By enhancing melatonin production and reducing nighttime cortisol levels, it can promote deeper and more restful sleep, which is essential for mental health and well-being.
Enhanced Cognitive Function: Red light therapy may support cognitive function by promoting neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. It can help improve memory, focus, and overall cognitive performance, which are essential components of mental health and resilience.
Reduced Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Red light therapy has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, typically during the winter months. By mimicking natural sunlight and regulating serotonin levels, it can help combat the depressive symptoms associated with SAD.
Faster Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Red light therapy has demonstrated neuroprotective effects and can facilitate the recovery process in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It promotes neuronal repair and regeneration, reduces inflammation, and improves blood flow to the injured brain regions, leading to faster recovery and improved mental function.
Popular Brands and Considerations
When considering red light therapy devices, quality and reliability are paramount. You may see red lights being sold on Amazon for $20, however it is extremely important to look at the quality of the product. There are “imposter” products on the market that utilized standard light that is colored red or some have even been found to use lights with UV rays (which are harmful!). Note, that good, quality products are not typically cheap. Here are three reputable brands along with their pros and cons:
Joovv: Known for its high-quality panels, Joovv offers a range of red light therapy devices suitable for home use. Pros include FDA clearance and customizable settings. However, the initial cost can be prohibitive for some.
Mito Red Light: Mito Red Light offers portable devices designed for convenience. Their products are known for their affordability, ease of use, and effectiveness in delivering red light therapy benefits. However, some users report issues with longevity. I do really like this brand and would highly recommend!
PlatinumLED Therapy Lights: PlatinumLED Therapy Lights offers a variety of red light therapy panels suitable for home and professional use. Their devices are praised for their high irradiance, full-body coverage, and durable construction.
RedTherapyCo: RedTherapyCo specializes in high-quality red light therapy devices for both personal and professional use. Their products are known for their efficacy in delivering therapeutic red light wavelengths and promoting overall wellness.
GembaRed: GembaRed offers a range of red light therapy panels designed to deliver targeted light therapy for specific areas of the body. Their devices are praised for their compact design, ease of use, and effectiveness in providing red light therapy benefits.
Cautions and Contradictions
While generally safe, red light therapy may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy or skin cancer, should consult with a healthcare professional before starting treatment. Additionally, prolonged exposure to high-intensity light may cause eye damage, emphasizing the importance of wearing protective eyewear.
Incorporating Red Light Therapy into Daily Routine
Incorporating red light therapy into your daily routine is straightforward:
Establish a Schedule: Determine the optimal time and duration for sessions, typically ranging from a few minutes to half an hour.
Positioning: Place the device at an appropriate distance from your skin, following the manufacturer’s guidelines.
Consistency: Commit to regular sessions to maximize the benefits of red light therapy for mental health.
As we navigate the complexities of mental health, exploring innovative treatments like red light therapy offers hope for those seeking effective solutions. By harnessing the power of light at a cellular level, we illuminate a path toward improved well-being and resilience. Let’s shine a light on mental health, one wavelength at a time.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/13/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pam, N., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 32(1), 41-52.
Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophysics, 4(3), 337-361.
Hamblin, M. R. (2018). Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 6(1), 1-8.
Naeser, M. A., Saltmarche, A., Krengel, M. H., Hamblin, M. R., Knight, J. A., & Goebel, D. J. (2011). Significant improvements in cognitive performance post-transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28(5), 1-22.
Ribeiro, M. S., Da Silva, D. F. T., De Araújo, C. E. P., De Oliveira, S. F., & Gomez, R. S. (2016). Photobiomodulation (LED and laser), as biomodulatory therapy in neurodegenerative diseases: A literature review. Laser Therapy, 25(3), 215-221.
Zomorrodi, R., & Bernhardt, N. (2021). Low-level light therapy: a review of its application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 34(1), 7-15.
Meditation is not just a practice; it’s a way of life that has been revered for centuries across various cultures and traditions. Its profound impact on stress management has been extensively studied and acknowledged by both scientists and practitioners alike. I have personally found meditation to be such a blessing and wish I would have incorporated it in my life sooner! Let’s delve deeper into how meditation can transform our relationship with stress and enhance our overall well-being.
Understanding Meditation:
Meditation is a broad term encompassing a diverse range of practices that aim to cultivate mindfulness, concentration, and awareness. Although meditation can be associated with spiritual beliefs and practices, it does not have to be. There are numerous forms of meditation, some of the most widely practiced ones include:
Mindfulness Meditation: This practice involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment. It often begins with focusing on the breath and gradually expanding awareness to include sensations, thoughts, and emotions.
Transcendental Meditation (TM): TM involves silently repeating a mantra—a specific word or phrase—allowing the mind to settle into a state of deep relaxation and heightened awareness.
Loving-Kindness Meditation (Metta): Metta meditation involves cultivating feelings of love, compassion, and goodwill towards oneself and others. Practitioners often recite phrases of loving-kindness to foster positive emotions. I tend to use this one a lot with my children as I believe it is so important for them to develop a positive inner voice as they grow.
Yoga and Tai Chi: While not traditionally considered meditation, these practices combine movement with mindfulness, promoting relaxation, and stress reduction while incorporating tenets of meditation throughout.
“The body benefits from movement and the mind benefits from stillness. ” ~ Sakyong Mipham
Impact on Stress Management:
The benefits of meditation on stress management are profound and well-documented. Mindfulness, in particular continues to be a hot topic of interest for many healthcare fields. Here’s how incorporating a consistent medication practice it can help lower stress:
Reduces Cortisol Levels: Meditation has been shown to decrease the production of cortisol, the primary stress hormone. By calming the nervous system, meditation helps alleviate the physiological effects of stress on the body.
Promotes Relaxation Response: Meditation induces the relaxation response, a state of deep rest that counters the body’s stress response. This leads to lower blood pressure, improved immune function, and overall relaxation.
Enhances Emotional Regulation: Regular meditation practice strengthens the brain’s ability to regulate emotions, leading to greater resilience in the face of stressors. It fosters a non-reactive awareness of thoughts and feelings, allowing one to respond to challenges with clarity and equanimity.
Improves Mental Clarity and Focus: By training the mind to maintain attention on the present moment, meditation enhances cognitive function and concentration. This mental clarity helps individuals approach tasks with a calm and focused mindset, reducing the sense of overwhelm caused by stress.
Physical Health Benefits:
In addition to decreasing stress and improving overall mental health, there are many physical benefits of incorporating a medication practice into your daily regimen. Some of these include:
Strengthens the Immune System: Chronic stress suppresses the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illness and disease. Meditation helps counteract this by reducing stress levels and promoting relaxation, thereby strengthening the immune response.
Lowers Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: Regular meditation practice has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rate, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart disease. By inducing the relaxation response, meditation promotes cardiovascular health and overall well-being.
Alleviates Chronic Pain: Meditation can be an effective tool for managing chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, arthritis, and migraines. By shifting the focus away from the sensation of pain and cultivating a non-reactive awareness, meditation helps individuals cope with pain more effectively.
Improves Sleep Quality: Sleep disturbances are common among individuals experiencing high levels of stress and anxiety. Meditation promotes relaxation and reduces rumination, making it easier to fall asleep and improving the quality of sleep overall.
Incorporating meditation into your daily routine doesn’t have to be daunting. It also does not have to be spiritually-related unless you want it to be. Here are some tips I have found helpful to help you get started:
Start Small: Begin with just a few minutes of meditation each day and gradually increase the duration as you become more comfortable with the practice.
Choose a Convenient Time: Find a time that works best for you, whether it’s first thing in the morning, during your lunch break, or before bed. Consistency is key, so aim to meditate at the same time each day.
Create a Sacred Space: Designate a quiet and peaceful corner of your home as your meditation space. Decorate it with items that inspire tranquility, such as candles, cushions, or incense. Remember—this does not have to be something extravagant. I tend to use my yoga mat wherever I lay it or my bed, honestly. I do not have special pillows or cushions. I do like to run some lavender or sandalwood essential oil to help me relax while meditating.
Use Guided Meditations: If you’re new to meditation, guided meditations can be incredibly helpful. There are countless apps, podcasts, and online resources offering guided sessions tailored to different needs and preferences. Some great apps to look into include:
Headspace: Headspace is one of the most well-known meditation apps, offering a wide range of guided meditations designed to help users reduce stress, improve focus, and cultivate mindfulness. The app features themed meditation packs covering topics such as sleep, anxiety, and productivity, as well as bite-sized meditations for on-the-go mindfulness. Headspace also includes animated videos and mindfulness exercises to support users in their meditation journey. This one tends to be my favorite.
Calm: Calm is another highly popular meditation app that offers guided meditations, sleep stories, breathing exercises, and relaxing music to help users manage stress and improve sleep quality. The app’s guided meditations cover various themes, including mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude, and relaxation. Calm also features nature sounds and scenes to create a serene and immersive meditation experience.
Insight Timer: Insight Timer is a free meditation app with a vast library of guided meditations, music tracks, and talks led by teachers and mindfulness experts from around the world. The app offers a diverse range of meditation styles and traditions, allowing users to explore different practices based on their preferences and goals. Insight Timer also provides meditation timers and customizable features for users who prefer silent meditation or unguided practice.
10% Happier: 10% Happier is an app that offers guided meditations, mindfulness exercises, and practical teachings aimed at skeptics and busy professionals. Created by ABC News anchor Dan Harris, who turned to meditation after experiencing a panic attack live on air, the app features meditations led by renowned teachers and meditation experts. 10% Happier also includes bite-sized mindfulness exercises designed to fit into busy schedules and help users experience the benefits of meditation in their daily lives.
Be Patient and Gentle with Yourself: Like any skill, meditation takes time and practice to master. Approach it with an attitude of curiosity and self-compassion, and don’t be discouraged by wandering thoughts or distractions.
To summarize, the practice of meditation offers a powerful antidote to the stresses of modern life. By cultivating mindfulness, relaxation, and emotional resilience, meditation empowers us to navigate life’s challenges with greater ease and grace. Whether you’re seeking relief from everyday stressors or striving for a deeper sense of inner peace, meditation holds the potential to transform your life in profound ways. So why not take a moment to pause, breathe, and embark on the journey within?
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/13/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., … & Ranasinghe, P. D. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 174(3), 357-368.
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for stress management in healthy people: A review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(5), 593-600.
Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68, 491-516.
Black, D. S., O’Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 494-501.
In the bustling symphony of life, stress has become an omnipresent tune, often overpowering our mental and physical well-being. However, amidst the chaos, there lies a silent conductor orchestrating the harmony between our body and mind – our gut health. From a functional medicine and holistic perspective, the interplay between gut health and stress management unveils a profound connection that goes beyond mere digestion. Let’s embark on a journey to explore why gut health matters, its impact on stress management, and delve into actionable tips rooted in holistic practices to foster optimal gut health.
In the intricate web of our physiology, the gut is not merely a digestive organ but a central hub of vitality and resilience. It houses trillions of microbes collectively known as the gut microbiota, intricately linked with various aspects of our health, including immunity, metabolism, and even mood regulation. When the balance of this microbiota is disrupted, often termed dysbiosis, it can pave the way for a myriad of health issues, including heightened stress response and compromised mental well-being.
Impact of Gut Health on Stress Management:
The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication pathway between the gut and the brain, serves as a pivotal link in understanding the profound influence of gut health on stress management. Research suggests that an imbalance in gut microbiota can trigger inflammatory responses and alter neurotransmitter production (Highly suggest reading The Mind-Gut Connection by Emeran Mayer MD), contributing to mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the body’s central stress response system.
Benefits of Good Gut Health:
Cultivating a thriving gut ecosystem yields a plethora of benefits extending far beyond digestion. Optimal gut health can bolster immune function, enhance nutrient absorption, and promote mental clarity and emotional resilience. Moreover, it serves as a cornerstone for overall vitality and longevity, fostering a harmonious balance within the body. I have seen this occur personally in my own journey to heal my gut. I have suffered from severe migraine headaches for years. Adding in a supportive gut regimen and removing diary has left me almost completely headache-free. As a bonus, I also sleep much better now!
Navigating the Gut Terrain: Common Disruptors of Gut Health
In the intricate tapestry of gut health, numerous disruptors weave their threads, casting shadows on the delicate balance within. Hormone disruptors, prevalent in environmental toxins and certain medications, can wreak havoc on the gut microbiota, triggering inflammation and compromising gut integrity. Poor sleep habits disrupt circadian rhythms, impairing gut motility and immune function, while a diet laden with processed foods and artificial additives fuels dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. Chronic stress, a ubiquitous companion in modern life, unleashes a cascade of hormonal imbalances and inflammatory responses, disrupting gut-brain communication and exacerbating digestive woes. Environmental toxins, from pesticides to heavy metals, assail the gut’s resilience, impeding detoxification pathways and fostering microbial imbalance. Amidst this labyrinth of disruptors, cultivating awareness and embracing holistic practices become paramount in safeguarding the sanctity of gut health and nurturing vitality from within.
“Quite literally, your gut is the epicenter of your mental and physical health. If you want better immunity, efficient digestion, improved clarity and balance, focus on rebuilding your gut health.” – Kris Carr
Tips for Improving Gut Health
So how can we improve our gut health and achieve our best mental health? There are multiple options that can be incorporated into one’s daily regimen. The key is that everyone’s gut regimen should be individualized to meet their body’s needs. Some starting options to improve gut include:
Foundations of Health: Nourish your body with whole, unprocessed foods rich in fiber, prebiotics, and probiotics. Embrace a diverse array of plant-based foods, fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut, and incorporate healthy fats such as omega-3s found in fatty fish and flaxseeds. My husband and I love adding an organic Kombucha drink to our diet a few times per week as well as a shot of organic aloe vera juice nightly.
Supplements and Herbs: Supplement your diet with gut-supportive nutrients like glutamine, zinc, and vitamin D, which play crucial roles in gut integrity and immune function. Additionally, consider incorporating herbs such as ginger, peppermint, marshmallow root, slippery elm, and licorice root, renowned for their soothing properties on the digestive system. Some wonderful combination products by clean organizations include:
Thorne – Saccharomyces Boulardii: Saccharomyces boulardii is a beneficial yeast that has been extensively studied for its ability to support gastrointestinal health. It helps maintain a healthy balance of gut flora, supports immune function in the gut, and promotes regularity. Thorne’s Saccharomyces Boulardii supplement provides a high-quality source of this probiotic yeast.
Allergy Research Group – Colostrum: Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth, and it’s rich in immune-boosting compounds, growth factors, and antibodies. Colostrum supplements are often used to support gut health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, supporting the integrity of the intestinal lining, and modulating immune function. Allergy Research Group offers a high-quality Colostrum supplement sourced from grass-fed cows. This would not be one that would be appropriate for those that have a lactose allergy.
DesBio – GI Synergyand Intestinal Restore: These are two of my favorites! GI Synergy and Intestinal Restore are comprehensive gastrointestinal support formulas that combines a blend of herbs, enzymes, probiotics, and nutrients to promote optimal digestive function and gut health. They both contain a variety of ingredients such as slippery elm bark, marshmallow root, DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice), and zinc carnosine, which work synergistically to soothe and support the gastrointestinal tract. DesBio’s GI Synergy and Intestinal Restore supplement offers a convenient all-in-one solution for individuals looking to support their gut health.
Homeopathic Remedies: Explore holistic remedies like lycopodium clavatum, pulsatilla, calc carb, and china. Some great homeopathic remedies and brands include:
DesBio – Lycopodium Clavatum: Derived from the spores of the clubmoss plant, Lycopodium clavatum is a homeopathic remedy often used to address digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It’s believed to help regulate digestion and alleviate symptoms associated with imbalances in the gut microbiota.
Boiron – Nux Vomica: Nux vomica, derived from the seeds of the strychnine tree, is a homeopathic remedy commonly used to address digestive disturbances such as nausea, heartburn, and constipation. It’s particularly beneficial for individuals with overindulgence in rich or spicy foods, alcohol, or caffeine, helping to restore balance to the digestive system.
Mindful Eating: Mindful eating is not only good for gut health and stress management, but can also help in weight control. Some examples include:
Savoring Each Bite: Take the time to truly appreciate the flavors, textures, and aromas of your food. Engage all your senses as you eat, noticing the colors, smells, and sounds of your meal. Chew each bite slowly and thoroughly, paying attention to the sensations of the food in your mouth. By savoring each bite, you can cultivate a deeper appreciation for your meals and become more attuned to your body’s hunger and fullness cues.
Eating Without Distractions: Create a peaceful eating environment free from distractions such as television, phones, or computers. Sit down at a table and focus solely on the act of eating without multitasking. Take the time to tune into your body’s hunger and satiety signals, eating slowly and mindfully. By eating without distractions, you can fully immerse yourself in the experience of eating and foster a deeper connection with your food and body.
Stress Management: Prioritize stress management techniques such as regular exercise, adequate sleep, and engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation. Practice stress-reducing rituals like journaling, spending time in nature, or connecting with loved ones to nurture emotional well-being. Incorporate mindfulness practices such as meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises to alleviate stress and promote gut-brain harmony.
These supplement remedies, when used as part of a holistic approach to gut health, can provide support for digestive function, promote a balanced gut microbiota, and help maintain gastrointestinal comfort. As always, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
Bringing It All Together!
Nurturing gut health is not merely about soothing digestive woes but fostering a profound synergy between body, mind, and spirit. By honoring the intricate dance of the gut-brain axis and embracing holistic principles, we pave the way for resilience, vitality, and inner harmony amidst life’s ebbs and flows. Let us embark on this journey with reverence for the innate wisdom that resides within, nurturing the sacred bond between gut health and stress management.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/13/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Guarner, F., & Malagelada, J. R. (2003). Gut flora in health and disease. The Lancet, 361(9356), 512-519. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12489-0
Rea, K., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2016). The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation. Neurobiology of Stress, 4, 23-33. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.03.001
De Filippo, C., Cavalieri, D., Di Paola, M., Ramazzotti, M., Poullet, J. B., Massart, S., … & Lionetti, P. (2010). Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(33), 14691-14696. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005963107
Konturek, P. C., Brzozowski, T., & Konturek, S. J. (2011). Stress and the gut: Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, diagnostic approach and treatment options. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 62(6), 591-599.
Gibson, P. R., & Shepherd, S. J. (2010). Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms: The FODMAP approach. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 25(2), 252-258. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06149.x
Katterman, S. N., & Kleinman, B. M. (2014). Hood, mindfulness meditation, and eating: A review and guide for the practice. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(3), 392-402. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.026
As I continue to focus on stress management in light of April’s Stress Awareness Month, I cannot possibly leave out the importance of breathing. Breathing is an automatic process, so it can easily be forgotten as one the most important healthy habits that we can incorporate into our daily life. When we specifically talk about stress, intentional, deep breathing can play a huge role in our ability to tolerate and deal with our stress. Over time, our breathing movements become less effective, which can limit our ability to get the full impact of our breathing. Fortunately, awareness is the first step in ensuring our breathing is effective and using it as a powerful tool to help manage stress effectively.
What is Deep Breathing?
Deep breathing, also known as diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing, involves taking slow, deep breaths that engage the diaphragm. Intentional deep breathing is a technique that has been practiced for centuries in various cultures for its profound benefits on both physical and mental well-being; however, diaphragmatic breathing is actually how we should be breathing on a normal basis. Look at a toddler for example. They have their cute little bellies that move in and out when they are breathing, but as they age we see this disappear. This is unfortunate as they actually have it right! Using our diaphragm is more effective than using our accessory muscles in our upper back, shoulders, and neck. Proper breathing involves deep inhalation through the nose, allowing the abdomen to expand fully, followed by slow exhalation through the mouth. On the other hand, improper breathing, such as shallow chest breathing, can exacerbate stress and contribute to feelings of anxiety and tension. Now let’s delve into the science behind how deep breathing can positively impact our bodies and minds.
The Science Behind Deep Breathing and Stress Management:
Diaphragmatic breathing engages the diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs. When we inhale deeply, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity for the lungs to expand. This allows air to enter the lungs more fully, increasing oxygen intake and facilitating the exchange of gases in the alveoli. As oxygen enters the bloodstream, it binds to hemoglobin and is transported to cells throughout the body, providing energy for various physiological processes. Additionally, deep breathing stimulates the vagus nerve, which activates the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting relaxation and reducing stress (I think of Patrick from Sponge Bob! He is slow moving and relaxed like the parasympathetic system.). Proper breathing also encourages the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers, contributing to a sense of well-being. Overall, mastering proper breathing techniques not only optimizes oxygenation but also supports overall health and emotional balance.
Let’s look at these changes in more detail. When looking at stress management specifically, here is how it works:
Activates the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): Deep breathing stimulates the PNS, the branch of the autonomic nervous system responsible for promoting relaxation and reducing stress. As a result, heart rate slows down, blood pressure decreases, and muscles relax, leading to an overall sense of calmness.
Increases Oxygenation: Deep breathing allows more oxygen to enter the body and reach the brain, which is essential for maintaining cognitive function and clarity of thought. Proper oxygenation also supports the body’s natural detoxification processes and enhances energy levels.
Triggers the Relaxation Response: Deep breathing triggers the body’s relaxation response, which counteracts the effects of the stress response. This helps lower levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, and reduces inflammation, contributing to better overall health.
“Mastering proper breathing techniques not only optimizes oxygenation but also supports overall health and emotional balance.”
Incorporating Deep Breathing Exercises:
When I first started incorporating deep breathing to my daily regimen I definitely made it way more complicated than it needed to be. Deep breathing should NOT be stressful, but rather the opposite. You do not need a special seat or special music. You actually don’t even need a lot time. You can deep breathe anywhere! I now frequently incorporate deep breathing in the morning before I get out of bed, at work when I feel stressed, or as I am laying in bed trying to go to sleep. I always encourage everyone to make it their own and find what works for them! Here are a couple of deep breathing exercises you can try to start you out:
4-7-8 Breathing: Inhale deeply through your nose for a count of 4, hold your breath for a count of 7, and exhale slowly through your mouth for a count of 8. Repeat this cycle for several rounds. I have found that this one is my favorite and pairs very well when I meditate as it pushes you to be in the present and focus on your breathing.
Abdominal Breathing: Lie down or sit comfortably with one hand on your abdomen. Inhale deeply through your nose, feeling your abdomen rise as you fill your lungs with air. Exhale slowly through your mouth, feeling your abdomen fall. Repeat for several breaths. This one is great if you have difficulty falling asleep!
Incorporating deep breathing into one’s daily routine can be challenging due to various roadblocks that individuals may encounter; however, remember, it does not need to be complicated. One common obstacle is finding the time amidst busy schedules and competing priorities. To overcome this, individuals can start by allocating just a few minutes each day to practice deep breathing exercises, gradually increasing the duration as they become more comfortable with the technique. Another hurdle is maintaining consistency, as it can be easy to forget or neglect deep breathing amidst the hustle and bustle of daily life. Setting reminders or integrating deep breathing into existing routines, such as during morning rituals or before bedtime, can help establish a regular practice. Additionally, some individuals may struggle with staying focused and present during deep breathing sessions, especially if they’re prone to distractions or racing thoughts. Techniques like guided meditation or mindfulness apps can provide structure and guidance, helping individuals stay centered and engaged.
Fortunately, there are numerous resources available to assist individuals in incorporating deep breathing into their daily lives. Meditation apps like Headspace (I love this one!), Calm, and Insight Timer offer guided breathing exercises and mindfulness practices tailored to various skill levels and preferences. Online tutorials and videos, such as those on YouTube or wellness websites, provide step-by-step instructions for different deep breathing techniques, allowing individuals to practice at their own pace. Books and articles on mindfulness and stress management, such as “The Miracle of Mindfulness” by Thich Nhat Hanh and “The Relaxation Response” by Herbert Benson, offer valuable insights and strategies for integrating deep breathing into daily routines. By leveraging these resources and overcoming common roadblocks, individuals can experience the transformative benefits of deep breathing for improved well-being and stress management.
Importance of Clean Air:
I wanted to take a minute to mention the importance of clean air as not only is effective breathing important to our health and stress management, but breathing in clean air is just as important. Toxins and air pollution in the air can significantly diminish the effectiveness of our breathing by compromising respiratory function and overall health. Common offenders include indoor pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from household products like air fresheners, cleaning agents, and plug-in air fresheners. These VOCs can irritate the respiratory system, trigger allergies, and exacerbate asthma symptoms. Additionally, particulate matter from sources such as tobacco smoke, dust mites, and pet dander can further impair lung function and hinder the body’s ability to exchange gases efficiently. Prolonged exposure to indoor pollutants can lead to respiratory conditions, cardiovascular issues, and even systemic inflammation. Therefore, ensuring clean air free of toxins is essential for maintaining optimal respiratory health and supporting the effectiveness of our breathing. Opening windows for ventilation, using air purifiers, and avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke are simple steps we can take to breathe cleaner air.
Pulling It All Together
By making deep breathing a regular part of our daily routine, we can reap the numerous benefits it offers for stress management and overall well-being. Additionally, ensuring that the air we are breathing is clean—free of toxins and/or pollution can also positively affect our health. The power to reduce stress and cultivate inner peace lies within your breath. Take a deep breath in, and let the journey to a stress-free life begin.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/13/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Brown, R. P., & Gerbarg, P. L. (2005). Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Part I—Neurophysiologic Model. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 11(1), 189-201.
Jerath, R., Edry, J. W., Barnes, V. A., & Jerath, V. (2006). Physiology of long pranayamic breathing: Neural respiratory elements may provide a mechanism that explains how slow deep breathing shifts the autonomic nervous system. Medical Hypotheses, 67(3), 566–571.
Ma, X., Yue, Z.-Q., Gong, Z.-Q., Zhang, H., Duan, N.-Y., Shi, Y.-T., Wei, G.-X., & Li, Y.-F. (2017). The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing on Attention, Negative Affect and Stress in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 874.
Pal, G. K., Velkumary, S., & Madanmohan. (2004). Effect of short-term practice of breathing exercises on autonomic functions in normal human volunteers. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120(2), 115–121.
Pulakunta, T., Dissanayake, D. S., Huang, S.-L., & Jerath, R. (2020). Non-pharmacological interventions in hypertension: A comprehensive review. Medical Science Monitor, 26, e924740-1–e924740-15.
Shi, X., & Weinger, M. B. (1999). Hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in leukocytes. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 134(3), 206–218.
Tsai, H.-J., Kuo, T. B. J., Lee, G.-S., Yang, C. C. H., & Ekegren, C. L. (2020). The effects of deep breathing on blood pressure and heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(1), 111.
Weng, C.-H., Hsieh, W.-C., Lo, H.-L., Lin, K.-H., & Hsiao, Y.-H. (2020). The effect of deep breathing on diaphragm thickness and excursion: A randomized controlled trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, 1–7.
Stress seems to be an inevitable part of our daily lives (I know it is in mine!). From hectic work schedules to family responsibilities, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes. However, amidst the chaos, there lies a natural remedy that has been cherished for centuries: green tea. Not only does green tea offer a plethora of health benefits, but it also has the potential to significantly improve stress management. Let’s delve into the wonders of green tea and explore one of my favorite breakfast recipes for a dairy-free matcha coconut yogurt bowl that incorporates the stress-relieving properties of green tea, chia seeds, and pumpkin seeds.
The Stress-Relieving Benefits of Green Tea:
L-Theanine: Green tea contains an amino acid called L-theanine, which is known for its calming effects on the mind. L-theanine promotes relaxation without causing drowsiness, making it an excellent choice for stress relief.
Antioxidants: Loaded with powerful antioxidants called catechins, green tea helps combat oxidative stress in the body. These antioxidants protect cells from damage and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases as it prevents the build up of inflammation in the body.
Cortisol Regulation: Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, can wreak havoc on our bodies when levels are elevated for prolonged periods. Studies suggest that green tea may help regulate cortisol levels, thereby promoting a more balanced stress response (Yes please!).
Improved Brain Function: The combination of caffeine and L-theanine in green tea can enhance cognitive function and improve mood. This synergistic effect helps boost alertness and concentration while keeping stress at bay.
The Nutritional Powerhouses: Pumpkin Seeds and Chia Seeds:
Pumpkin Seeds:
Rich in magnesium, pumpkin seeds play a vital role in relaxation and stress reduction. Magnesium helps calm the nervous system and can promote better sleep quality. This then prevents the over-secretion of cortisol.
High in antioxidants like vitamin E and zinc, pumpkin seeds protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and support overall immune function.
The amino acid tryptophan found in pumpkin seeds aids in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and promotes feelings of well-being.
Chia Seeds:
Packed with omega-3 fatty acids, chia seeds support brain health and help reduce inflammation in the body. A healthy brain is better equipped to cope with stress.
High in fiber, chia seeds promote digestive health and keep blood sugar levels stable, preventing energy crashes that can exacerbate stress.
Chia seeds are a good source of essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which play key roles in muscle relaxation and stress management.
Chia seeds are also one of the highest protein seeds that you can eat, which is a great bonus if you are trying to get your protein in.
Recipe: Dairy-Free Matcha Coconut Yogurt Bowl with Chia and Pumpkin Seeds
Ingredients:
1 cup dairy-free coconut yogurt (you can always use Greek yogurt, but I am dairy-free)
1 teaspoon matcha powder (preferably organic to prevent chemical/additive exposure)
1 tablespoon maple syrup or honey (optional, for sweetness)
1 tablespoon chia seeds
1 tablespoon pumpkin seeds
Fresh berries (such as strawberries, blueberries, or raspberries), for topping
1/8-1/4 cup of granola (I like Purely Elizabeth Vanilla Almond Butter)
Unsweetened coconut flakes or cacao nibs, for garnish.
Instructions:
In a mixing bowl, combine the dairy-free coconut yogurt, matcha powder, and maple syrup or honey (if using). Stir until the matcha powder is fully incorporated and the yogurt is smooth.
Sprinkle the chia seeds and pumpkin seeds over the yogurt mixture, and gently fold them in until evenly distributed.
Transfer the matcha coconut yogurt mixture to serving bowls.
Top each bowl with fresh berries of your choice, granola, and a sprinkle of unsweetened coconut flakes for added flavor and texture.
Serve immediately and enjoy as a nutritious and stress-relieving breakfast or snack.
By incorporating green tea, pumpkin seeds, and chia seeds into your diet, you can harness the power of nature to combat stress and promote overall well-being. Whether enjoyed in a soothing cup of tea or as part of a delicious yogurt bowl, these wholesome ingredients offer a holistic approach to stress management that nourishes both body and mind. So, take a moment to sip on some green tea and savor the tranquility it brings to your day.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/13/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Boyle, Neil B., et al. “The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review.” Nutrients 9.5 (2017): 429.
Cabrera, Carmen, Reyes Artacho, and Rafael Giménez. “Beneficial effects of green tea—a review.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25.2 (2006): 79-99.
Coelho, Christiane Candice, et al. “Omega-3-rich chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) oil formulations ameliorate lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects and associated oxidative stress: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.” Nutrients 11.2 (2019): 341.
Kimura, Kenta, et al. “L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.” Biological psychology 74.1 (2007): 39-45.
Li, Kai, et al. “Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014).
Nieman, David C., et al. “Chia seed supplementation and disease risk factors in overweight women: a metabolomics investigation.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 24.3 (2018): 293-299.
Unno, Keiko, et al. “Anti-stress effect of green tea with lowered caffeine on humans: A pilot study.” Biological psychology 74.1 (2007): 39-45.
Wang, H., N. F. Lucas, and P. N. Weil. “Pumpkin seed extracts and proteins: embryotoxicity and oxytocin-like effects.” Journal of ethnopharmacology 6.1 (1982): 201-208.
In the fast-paced world we live in today, stress has become an almost inevitable part of our daily lives. Whether it’s the pressure at work, personal relationships, or the constant barrage of information, stress can take a toll on our physical and mental well-being. However, amidst the chaos, there lies a natural solution that has been utilized for centuries in various traditional medicine practices – adaptogens.
What Are Adaptogens?
Adaptogens are a unique class of herbs and mushrooms that help the body adapt to stressors, whether they are physical, chemical, or biological. These natural substances work by modulating the body’s stress response system, helping to restore balance and promote overall health and vitality. Unlike stimulants, adaptogens don’t push the body into overdrive (unlike coffee); instead, they work in a subtle and gentle manner to support the body’s natural resilience.
Common Examples of Adaptogens:
Ashwagandha: Originating from traditional Ayurvedic medicine, ashwagandha is known for its ability to promote relaxation and reduce stress. It helps to balance cortisol levels, the hormone associated with stress, and supports overall adrenal health.
Rhodiola Rosea: Native to the arctic regions of Europe and Asia, rhodiola is prized for its adaptogenic properties. It enhances mental performance, improves mood, and boosts endurance, making it a valuable ally in combating stress and fatigue.
Holy Basil (Tulsi): Revered as a sacred plant in Ayurveda, holy basil is renowned for its ability to promote mental clarity and emotional well-being. It helps to reduce anxiety, uplift mood, and enhance resilience to stress. It can even help balance blood sugars!
Reishi Mushroom: A staple in traditional Chinese medicine, reishi mushroom is often referred to as the “mushroom of immortality.” It supports the body’s natural defense mechanisms, strengthens the immune system, and promotes relaxation.
Where do you start?
Sometimes the hardest step in integrating adaptogens is knowing what brand to choose. It is always very important to research companies and the quality of ingredients that they use. It is counterintuitive to add adaptogens to your daily routine if they do not contain pure ingredients and/or contain additives, preservatives, heavy metals, etc… Some brands worth using include:
Integrative Therapeutics Cortisol Manager: This popular supplement combines ashwagandha, L-theanine, magnolia bark, and phosphatidylserine to support healthy cortisol levels and promote relaxation. It’s a well-researched formula trusted by many for stress management. This is a personal favorite of mine that I use daily in the evenings before bed. Integrative Therapeutics is a tried and true brand with quality supplements.
Gaia Herbs Adrenal Health Daily Support: Formulated with a blend of adaptogenic herbs including rhodiola, holy basil, and ashwagandha, this supplement helps to nourish and support the adrenal glands, promoting resilience to stress and fatigue.
Allergy Research Group Zen Adapt: Crafted by Allergy Research Group, Zen Adapt is a premium adaptogenic supplement designed to promote relaxation and stress resilience. This unique formula combines a blend of adaptogenic herbs, including rhodiola, ashwagandha, as well as GABA and L-theanine, to support the body’s natural stress response. With a focus on purity and potency, Allergy Research Group ensures that Zen Adapt delivers high-quality ingredients backed by rigorous testing and research. Trusted by healthcare practitioners and wellness enthusiasts alike, Zen Adapt offers a gentle yet effective solution for managing stress and promoting overall well-being.
Four Sigmatic Reishi Mushroom Elixir: Four Sigmatic specializes in mushroom-based supplements, and their Reishi Mushroom Elixir is a popular choice for stress management and relaxation. Made with organic reishi mushroom extract, this elixir can be easily added to hot water or your favorite beverage for a calming and immune-supporting boost. They also make fantastic coffee if you haven’t tried it!
As always, no matter what supplement is chosen, always follow package instructions. I also like to track how I feel for a couple days to a week whenever trying something new. This can help you discern if what you are taking is truly helping. Additionally, it is always good to consult with a licensed and certified medical practitioner if you have medical conditions and/or if you are taking other medications.
Adding Adaptogens into your diet
Integrating adaptogens does not always mean you have to add a supplement. Integrating adaptogens into your diet can be a delicious and convenient way to harness their stress-relieving and health-promoting benefits. Here are some ways to incorporate adaptogens into your daily meals and snacks:
Herbal Teas: Brew a soothing cup of herbal tea infused with adaptogenic herbs like ashwagandha, holy basil, or licorice root. You can either use loose herbs or opt for pre-packaged herbal tea blends designed to promote relaxation and stress relief. My go to is Buddha Teas; specifically the Calm Buddha Blend.
Smoothies: Add adaptogenic powders or tinctures to your morning smoothie for an extra boost of stress-busting goodness. Ingredients like ashwagandha powder, maca root powder, or rhodiola extract can easily be blended with fruits, leafy greens, and your choice of liquid for a nutritious and energizing beverage.
Golden Milk: Golden milk, also known as turmeric latte, is a warming and comforting drink made with turmeric, spices, and milk (or a dairy-free alternative). Enhance its stress-relieving properties by adding adaptogens like ashwagandha powder or reishi mushroom extract for a soothing bedtime treat.
Energy Balls: Whip up a batch of homemade energy balls or bars using adaptogenic ingredients like dates, nuts, seeds, and adaptogen powders such as maca or ashwagandha. These convenient snacks provide a quick and nourishing way to combat stress and boost energy levels throughout the day. This is my favorite option as they make for quick on-the-go snack!
Soups and Stews: Incorporate adaptogenic herbs and mushrooms into your favorite soups and stews for a comforting and immune-supporting meal. Reishi mushrooms, astragalus root, and holy basil can add depth of flavor and health benefits to hearty dishes like chicken soup or vegetable stew.
Salad Dressings: Create homemade salad dressings infused with adaptogenic herbs like rosemary, thyme, or sage. These aromatic herbs not only enhance the flavor of your salads but also provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits to support overall health and well-being. I find a lot of recipes on Pinterest that are easy to make and spruce up a salad in no time!
Infused Oils and Vinegars: Make your own infused oils and vinegars using adaptogenic herbs and spices like garlic, ginger, or turmeric. Use these flavorful infusions to dress salads, marinate meats, or drizzle over roasted vegetables for a tasty and healthful addition to your meals.
While adaptogens are widely known for their ability to support stress management, their benefits extend far beyond just that and are too good not to mention here. They include:
Improved Energy and Stamina: Adaptogens help to optimize energy levels by supporting the body’s natural energy production pathways, making them valuable allies for combating fatigue and promoting vitality.
Enhanced Mental Clarity and Focus: By reducing stress and supporting cognitive function, adaptogens can improve mental clarity, concentration, and overall cognitive performance.
Balanced Mood and Emotional Well-being: Adaptogens have mood-regulating properties that help to reduce anxiety, uplift mood, and promote emotional balance, enhancing overall well-being.
Immune System Support: Many adaptogens possess immune-modulating properties that help to strengthen the body’s natural defense mechanisms, making them valuable for maintaining immune health, especially during times of increased stress.
“Integrating adaptogens does not always mean you have to add a supplement. Integrating adaptogens into your diet can be a delicious and convenient way to harness their stress-relieving and health-promoting benefits.”
By incorporating adaptogens into your diet in creative and delicious ways, you can support your body’s natural resilience to stress and promote overall well-being from the inside out. Experiment with different adaptogenic herbs and recipes to discover what works best for you and enjoy the soothing benefits of these powerful botanicals. Whether it’s ashwagandha, rhodiola, holy basil, or reishi mushroom, incorporating adaptogens into our daily routine can be a transformative step towards a healthier and more resilient life.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/09/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
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Lopresti, A. L., Smith, S. J., Malvi, H., & Kodgule, R. (2019). An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine, 98(37), e17186. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000017186
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Singh, N., Bhalla, M., de Jager, P., & Gilca, M. (2011). An overview on ashwagandha: A Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 8(5 Suppl), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5s.9
In our fast-paced world, stress has become an almost inevitable part of our daily lives. Whether it’s the pressure of deadlines at work, personal relationships, or the constant barrage of information, stress can manifest in various ways and take a toll on our physical and mental well-being. While there are numerous strategies to cope with stress, one often overlooked yet powerful tool is right at our fingertips – water.
Water is not just essential for our survival; it plays a crucial role in maintaining our overall health and well-being. From aiding digestion to regulating body temperature, every cell, tissue, and organ in our body relies on water to function properly. However, its impact on stress management is often underestimated.
“Pure water is the world’s first and foremost medicine.” – unknown
When we’re stressed, our bodies undergo physiological changes, triggering the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones prepare us for the “fight or flight” response, which can lead to increased heart rate, shallow breathing, and heightened tension in muscles. Here’s where hydration comes into play.
Proper hydration is essential for optimal brain function and mood regulation. Studies have shown that even mild dehydration can impair cognitive function, memory, and attention, making it harder to cope with stressors effectively. Dehydration can exacerbate feelings of fatigue and irritability, further amplifying the negative effects of stress on our mental health.
So How Much Water?
So, how much water should you drink to stay adequately hydrated and support stress management? While individual needs vary based on factors like age, weight, activity level, and climate, a general guideline is to aim for around 8 glasses of water per day, which is roughly 2 liters or at least half of your body weight in pounds. For example, if a women weighs 120lbs, she would need to get at least 60oz of water daily. However, this can vary, and some people may need more or less depending on their circumstances.
One common mistake many of us make is relying on caffeinated beverages like coffee or energy drinks to keep us alert and focused, especially during stressful times. While caffeine can provide a temporary energy boost, it can also contribute to dehydration due to its diuretic effects. Moreover, excessive caffeine consumption can disrupt sleep patterns and exacerbate feelings of anxiety and agitation. My rule of thumb is that I do not drink coffee past noon. This was a big change for me, however, I noticed that I was less fatigued in the afternoon and slept better at night by making that change.
Instead of reaching for that extra cup of coffee, consider swapping it out for a refreshing glass of water or herbal tea. Not only will it help keep you hydrated, but it can also promote a sense of calm and clarity, making it easier to tackle challenges with a clear mind.
In addition to plain water, incorporating hydrating foods like fruits and vegetables into your diet can also contribute to your overall fluid intake. Foods with high water content, such as cucumbers, watermelon, and oranges, can help you stay hydrated while providing essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support stress resilience.
So what can you do to incorporate more water into your day? Here are some helpful tips:
Set Reminders: With the hustle and bustle of daily life, it’s easy to forget to drink water regularly. Set reminders on your phone or use apps designed to track water intake. Establishing a routine can help make hydration a habit.
Carry a Reusable Water Bottle: Invest in a durable, reusable water bottle and take it with you wherever you go. Having water readily available makes it more likely that you’ll sip on it throughout the day. Keep it visible on your desk or in your bag as a constant reminder to hydrate. I also find using a consistent water bottle takes the stress off of tracking how much I am drinking throughout the day (thank you, Stanley cup!).
Flavor Infusions: If plain water doesn’t entice you, consider infusing it with natural flavors like lemon, cucumber, mint, or berries. Not only does this add a refreshing twist to your hydration routine, but it also encourages you to drink more water without added sugars or calories. I love the True Lemon Brand flavoring for their great taste and non-use of artificial sweeteners, flavors, GMOs, or preservatives.
Track Your Intake: Keep track of your water consumption using a journal, smartphone app, or even a simple tally system. Seeing your progress visually can motivate you to reach your hydration goals and adjust your intake as needed.
Associate Water with Daily Activities: Linking water consumption with daily activities can help you remember to drink throughout the day. For example, drink a glass of water first thing in the morning, before each meal, or after completing a task at work. By integrating water breaks into your routine, you’ll ensure consistent hydration throughout the day.
Prioritizing adequate water intake is a simple yet powerful strategy for managing stress effectively. By staying hydrated, you’re not only supporting your physical health but also equipping yourself with the mental clarity and resilience needed to navigate life’s inevitable challenges. So, the next time you feel the weight of stress bearing down on you, reach for a glass of water and hydrate your way to a calmer, more balanced state of mind. Your body and mind will thank you for it.
Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Published: 04/15/2024
*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.
References
Armstrong, L. E., & Ganio, M. S. (2019). Relationship between water metabolism and exercise-induced dehydration: Hormonal and physiological markers. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(7), 785–791. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-54.7.08
Benton, D. (2011). Dehydration influences mood and cognition: A plausible hypothesis? Nutrients, 3(5), 555–573. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu3050555
Grandjean, A. C., & Grandjean, N. R. (2007). Dehydration and cognitive performance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(5), 549S–554S. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2007.10719650
Pross, N., Demazieres, A., Girard, N., Barnouin, R., Metzger, D., Klein, A., & Perrier, E. (2014). Influence of progressive fluid restriction on mood and physiological markers of dehydration in women. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(2), 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513002354
Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Acute effects of sodium ingestion on thirst and cardiovascular function. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 7(4 Suppl), S7–S13. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0b013e31817f19d7
Szinnai, G., Schachinger, H., Arnaud, M. J., Linder, L., & Keller, U. (2005). Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women. The American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 289(1), R275–R280. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00765.2004