Tag: hormone balance

The Importance of Glucose Control for Weight Loss and Overall Health

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is one of the most critical factors in achieving not only weight loss but overall optimal health. Blood sugar fluctuations affect your energy levels, hunger cues, mood, and hormones, all of which influence your body’s ability to lose or maintain weight. Let’s dive into the science behind glucose control, its broader impacts on your health, and practical ways to maintain it.

The Impact of Erratic Glucose Spikes on the Body

When you consume foods high in simple carbohydrates or sugar, your blood glucose spikes. This triggers a cascade of hormonal reactions, primarily involving insulin—a hormone produced by the pancreas to help transport glucose into cells. However, erratic glucose spikes can overwhelm the system, leading to several negative effects on the body, especially on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis.

HPA Axis Dysregulation and Hormonal Imbalance: The HPA axis is a critical regulator of stress response and hormone production, including cortisol. Studies have shown that frequent glucose spikes and crashes can dysregulate the HPA axis, leading to elevated cortisol levels. This chronic cortisol elevation can contribute to hormonal imbalances such as:

  • Increased fat storage, especially around the abdomen.
  • Sleep disturbances, as high glucose can interfere with the body’s ability to produce melatonin, the hormone responsible for sleep regulation.
  • Gut health issues, as glucose dysregulation can lead to inflammation, impairing gut barrier function and affecting the microbiome.
  • Sexual dysfunction, since the endocrine system (responsible for hormone balance) is closely tied to sexual health, including libido and reproductive function.

Long-Term Risks of Uncontrolled Glucose Levels

Over time, poor glucose control can lead to insulin resistance, a condition where your cells no longer respond effectively to insulin, causing blood glucose levels to remain elevated. Insulin resistance has a strong connection to a variety of health issues, including:

  1. Weight Gain: Persistent insulin resistance often leads to weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.
  2. Hormonal Imbalance: Insulin resistance disrupts other hormonal systems, including thyroid and reproductive hormones.
  3. Gut Diseases: High blood sugar levels can foster an environment that promotes gut dysbiosis, which is linked to conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and leaky gut.
  4. Mental Health Problems: Studies have shown a clear connection between erratic glucose levels and mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Glucose spikes lead to inflammation, which has been shown to contribute to these mental health challenges.

Evidence-Based Tips for Balancing Glucose Levels

So how to do you achieve more consistent glucose levels? Every person may be a little different as our bodies are not the same, but some of the tips my patients have found to be helpful include:

  1. Eat Balanced Meals: Incorporating protein, healthy fats, and fiber with each meal helps slow down glucose absorption, keeping blood sugar levels stable. This has been supported by research from the American Diabetes Association, which emphasizes the importance of balanced macronutrient intake to prevent spikes.
  2. Choose Low-Glycemic Foods: Opt for whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and other low-glycemic foods, which release glucose more slowly into the bloodstream. According to the Glycemic Index Foundation, low-GI foods can help reduce insulin resistance and support weight loss.
  3. Exercise Regularly: Physical activity increases your cells’ sensitivity to insulin, allowing them to more effectively use glucose. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week for glucose regulation.
  4. Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can raise blood sugar levels. Drink plenty of water throughout the day to support healthy glucose levels. This half of your bodyweight in ounces!
  5. Manage Stress: Chronic stress contributes to HPA axis dysregulation, elevating cortisol and impacting glucose regulation. Meditation, yoga, and deep breathing exercises are all excellent ways to lower stress. I love using the Peloton for this as they have a variety of options to choose from!

Signs and Symptoms of Glucose Dysregulation

So how do you know if you are experiencing high or low glucose levels? Again, this can be different for everyone, but research has shown that there are some common symptoms that people may experience on both spectrums:

High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia) Symptoms:

  • Fatigue
  • Frequent urination
  • Increased thirst
  • Blurred vision
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Difficulty concentrating

Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) Symptoms:

  • Shakiness
  • Sweating
  • Dizziness
  • Hunger
  • Irritability
  • Palpitations
  • Weakness

If you notice these symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention and monitor your glucose levels. This is where I like to use a continuous glucose monitor if possible!

Lab Tests to Assess Glucose Control

Let’s talk labs for a second. There a several blood tests that can provide valuable insight into your glucose metabolism, but here are my favorite to trend with my patients:

  1. Fasting Blood Glucose: This test measures your blood sugar levels after an overnight fast. A normal level is below 100 mg/dL, while 100-125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher signals diabetes.
  2. Insulin Levels: Measuring fasting insulin levels can help detect insulin resistance, even if blood sugar levels appear normal. An ideal fasting insulin level is typically below 15 µU/mL.
  3. Hemoglobin A1C (HgA1c): This test measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. A normal A1c is below 5.7%, prediabetes is 5.7%-6.4%, and diabetes is 6.5% or higher.

*Remember that for fasting levels, these need to be drawn between the hours of 7-9am and on an empty stomach.

Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs): A Valuable Tool for Glucose Control

I have talked a little bit about CGMs before, but let’s do a repeat! For individuals seeking to closely monitor glucose fluctuations, a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) can be an incredibly useful tool. These devices measure glucose levels in real-time and provide a continuous record of how food, exercise, and stress impact your blood sugar (a Dexcom would be an example). Although these are wonderful to use, let’s break down the pros and cons:

Pros of Using a CGM:

  • Provides real-time feedback on your diet and lifestyle choices.
  • Can identify blood sugar spikes that may not be caught by standard lab work.
  • Helps you understand how stress, exercise, and sleep impact your glucose levels.

Cons of Using a CGM:

  • They can be expensive and may not be covered by all insurance plans.
  • CGMs require frequent calibration and monitoring.
  • Some people may experience skin irritation from the device adhesive.

If you are interested in using a CGM I would highly encourage you to speak to your healthcare provider. I do use these periodically in my current practice, however, this is done on an individual basis.

Wrapping it up!

Maintaining stable glucose levels is crucial for weight management, hormone balance, gut health, and overall wellness. Regular monitoring through lab tests like fasting glucose, insulin levels, and HgA1c, combined with tools like CGMs, can offer valuable insights into your body’s glucose regulation. By making small, evidence-based changes in your diet and lifestyle, you can protect yourself from the long-term health risks associated with uncontrolled glucose levels and achieve better overall health.

Take control of your glucose, and in turn, take control of your health!

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

REFERENCES

American Diabetes Association. (2022). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement_1), S1-S2. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-SINT

Cryer, P. E. (2016). The pathophysiology of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 39(4), 556-562. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2715

Glycemic Index Foundation. (n.d.). The glycemic index. Glycemic Index Foundation. https://www.gisymbol.com/about-glycemic-index/

International Diabetes Federation. (2021). IDF diabetes atlas (10th ed.). International Diabetes Federation. https://diabetesatlas.org/

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2021). Insulin resistance: What it is and how to know if you have it. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/in-depth/insulin-resistance/art-20047903

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2020). Hypoglycemia. National Institutes of Health. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/preventing-problems/hypoglycemia-low-blood-glucose

Reaven, G. M. (2005). The insulin resistance syndrome: Definition and dietary approaches to treatment. Annual Review of Nutrition, 25, 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092514

World Health Organization. (2020). Physical activity guidelines for health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity

Why Movement is Essential for a Healthy Body and Mind

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness

Exercise doesn’t have to be something we dread or see as a chore. In fact, movement can be one of the most natural and enjoyable parts of your day. Whether it’s walking, dancing, or playing with your kids, incorporating physical activity into your daily routine can profoundly benefit your physical health, mental well-being, and even hormone balance. But why exactly is movement so essential to our overall health? Let’s dive into the science.

Why Movement Matters

1. Maintaining a Healthy Weight

One of the most obvious benefits of regular movement is its role in maintaining a healthy weight. When we move, we burn calories, which helps to prevent excess fat storage. Regular physical activity is also key to increasing muscle mass, which boosts your metabolism and helps your body burn more calories, even when at rest.

According to the CDC, over 42% of American adults are classified as obese. Obesity is linked to a higher risk of developing chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. But the good news is that movement—when combined with healthy eating—can help prevent weight gain and support sustainable weight management.

2. Improving Mood and Mental Health

Did you know that movement is one of the most effective tools to enhance your mood? Physical activity stimulates the production of endorphins, which are known as the body’s natural mood boosters. It also helps reduce the production of stress hormones like cortisol, allowing you to feel calmer and more focused. Regular exercise has been shown to help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety, which is supported by research from the American Psychological Association.

A study published in JAMA Psychiatry found that people who engage in regular physical activity are 26% less likely to develop depression than those who are inactive. Imagine how many people might be able to come off their anti-depressant if they added consistent movement into their daily lifestyle?

Photo by Nathan Cowley on Pexels.com

3. Balancing Hormones

Hormones play a significant role in regulating many of our body’s processes, including metabolism, sleep, and stress. Regular movement helps to balance important hormones like insulin, cortisol, and endorphins. For example, insulin helps regulate blood sugar, while cortisol is a key player in your body’s stress response. By keeping these hormones balanced, exercise helps to reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, improves mood stability, and even supports better sleep.

For women, movement is also critical in regulating reproductive hormones, which can help with issues like PMS or menopause symptoms (there’s light at the end of the tunnel ladies, I promise!).

Easy Ways to Incorporate Movement into Your Daily Routine

Exercise doesn’t have to mean long, intense workouts at the gym. I personally do not enjoy and, honestly, long works may cause MORE stress in some people which defeats the purpose then. Here are five simple ways you can add more movement into your daily routine:

1. Take a Walk During Breaks – Whether you work from home or in an office, getting up and walking for just 5-10 minutes every hour can add up throughout the day. Walking is a low-impact way to keep your body active, improve circulation, and clear your mind.

2. Play with Your Kids – If you have children, make movement a family affair! Jump rope, have a dance-off, or play a game of tag. Not only will this get your heart rate up, but it also sets a great example for your kids on how to make movement fun.

3. Stretch While Watching TV – We often spend hours watching TV or on our phones. Use that time to stretch! Whether it’s yoga or simple stretches, it’s a great way to stay flexible and release any tension from sitting.

4. Walk or Bike Instead of Driving – Whenever possible, swap driving short distances for walking or biking. You’ll save gas, reduce your carbon footprint, and get some extra movement into your day.

5. Stand and Move During Calls – If you spend a lot of time on the phone for work or personal calls, consider standing or pacing while talking. This small shift can make a big difference over time, especially if you’re on calls for long stretches.

Using Technology to Stay Motivated

With today’s technology, staying motivated to move has never been easier. Devices like Fitbit, Oura Ring, or Apple Watch track your steps, heart rate, and even sleep patterns, helping you stay on top of your fitness goals. These devices often allow you to set goals, track your progress, and remind you to get up and move after periods of inactivity.

There are also numerous apps that can help keep you motivated, such as MyFitnessPal (to track calories and exercise), Nike Training Club (offering a variety of free workouts), or Headspace (for guided meditation and mindfulness). Many of these apps allow you to connect with friends or join virtual challenges, creating a community of support and accountability.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adults should aim for 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week, combined with muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week. Apps and devices can help break these goals into manageable daily chunks and keep you consistent.

Photo by Pixabay on Pexels.com

The Power of Consistency

Lastly, the key to reaping the benefits of movement is consistency. Research has shown that regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by 35%, Type 2 diabetes by 50%, and certain cancers by 20-30% (Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health). But the benefits go far beyond just preventing disease—regular movement helps us feel more energized, focused, and balanced in our daily lives.

Remember, the best exercise is the one you enjoy and can commit to consistently. Whether that’s walking, dancing, swimming, or doing yoga, the most important thing is that you find something that works for you and your lifestyle. Start small, be kind to yourself, and celebrate every step you take towards a healthier, happier you!

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

REFERENCES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Adult obesity facts. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html

American Psychological Association. (2020). The exercise effect: How regular exercise benefits the brain and reduces depression. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2021). Benefits of physical activity. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/staying-active/

JAMA Psychiatry. (2020). Physical activity and incident depression: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2764694

World Health Organization. (2020). Physical activity. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity

National Institute of Mental Health. (2022). 5 things you should know about stress. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/stress

Mayo Clinic. (2023). Exercise and stress: Get moving to manage stress. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/exercise-and-stress/art-20044469

Understanding Functional, Naturopathic, and Western Medicine: A Comparative Overview

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness

Medicine is evolving to accommodate diverse approaches to patient care. Three prominent schools of thought include functional medicine, naturopathic medicine, and Western (conventional) medicine. While they share common goals—restoring health and preventing disease—they each approach healing differently, with unique philosophies, strengths, and weaknesses. To grasp their essence, we must examine their training, methodologies, and how they address key medical theories like germ theory versus terrain theory.

Functional Medicine

Functional medicine is a patient-centered approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root causes of disease. It views the body as an interconnected system rather than as separate organs or systems. Practitioners of functional medicine spend time with patients, listening to their histories, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors that may be influencing their health. Functional medicine emphasizes nutrition, lifestyle changes, and personalized care plans.

Training: Practitioners usually begin with traditional medical training (MD, DO, NP, or PA) before pursuing additional training and certification in functional medicine through organizations like the Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM).

Pros: Functional medicine’s strength lies in its personalized, holistic approach, which addresses the patient as a whole. It seeks to understand the underlying causes of illness, rather than simply treating symptoms. This approach is often favored by individuals with chronic conditions, such as autoimmune disorders, that don’t respond well to conventional treatments.

Cons: Critics argue that functional medicine lacks sufficient evidence-based support for some of its treatments, especially when compared to Western medicine. Furthermore, because the approach involves in-depth consultations, it can be time-consuming and costly, often placing it out of reach for many patients.

Photo by Antoni Shkraba on Pexels.com

Naturopathic Medicine

Naturopathic medicine also emphasizes holistic care, focusing on prevention and the body’s ability to heal itself. Naturopaths use natural therapies like herbal medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture, and nutritional counseling. Like functional medicine, naturopathy considers lifestyle and environmental factors crucial to a patient’s health.

Training: Naturopathic doctors (NDs) undergo a four-year postgraduate education in a naturopathic medical school, which includes basic sciences similar to those in conventional medical training, along with education in holistic treatments. Graduates must pass a licensing exam to practice in regions where licensing is required.

Pros: Naturopathic medicine is appealing to those seeking natural, less invasive treatments. Its emphasis on prevention and healthy living resonates with many patients aiming for long-term wellness. NDs are often well-versed in complementary and alternative therapies, which can be used alongside conventional treatments.

Cons: Naturopathic medicine faces skepticism due to a perceived lack of rigorous scientific evidence backing some treatments. Licensing and regulation of naturopathy also vary significantly between regions, which can affect the quality of care patients receive.

Western Medicine

Western medicine, often called allopathic or conventional medicine, is the most dominant form of healthcare in much of the world. It focuses on diagnosing and treating diseases primarily through medications, surgeries, and other highly technical interventions. Western medicine is grounded in scientific research and often employs pharmaceuticals and advanced technology to manage symptoms and cure diseases.

Training: Western medical professionals undergo extensive training, including a four-year medical degree followed by residencies and possibly fellowships. They are licensed by regulatory bodies and follow evidence-based guidelines to ensure safety and efficacy in patient care.

Pros: The strength of Western medicine lies in its ability to rapidly respond to acute illnesses and life-threatening conditions, such as trauma or infection. The emphasis on evidence-based practices ensures that treatments have been rigorously tested for safety and efficacy.

Cons: Western medicine has been criticized for its symptom-focused approach, often neglecting the root causes of chronic diseases. Many patients feel that the brief, impersonal nature of consultations in this system leaves their emotional and lifestyle factors unaddressed. Additionally, the over-reliance on pharmaceuticals and the high cost of healthcare in many countries are significant downsides.

Comparing Germ Theory and Terrain Theory

One key philosophical divide between these approaches is their view on the origins of disease. Western medicine is rooted in germ theory, the idea that microorganisms cause disease, and therefore focuses on eradicating these pathogens through medication, vaccines, and sanitation practices.

Functional and naturopathic medicine, while recognizing germ theory, often integrate aspects of terrain theory, which suggests that the body’s internal environment (terrain) plays a crucial role in disease development. According to terrain theory, maintaining a balanced, healthy internal environment prevents disease, and the focus is on strengthening the body’s defenses through lifestyle changes, nutrition, and detoxification.

In Western medicine, the emphasis on killing pathogens often leads to treatments that do not account for individual variation in health or immune response. Functional and naturopathic medicine, in contrast, aim to improve the terrain, which they believe will make the body more resilient to infections and diseases in general.

My Perspective: Functional Medicine as the Optimal Approach

Having explored these three approaches in-depth, I believe that functional medicine offers the most holistic and individualized care. Each patient is unique, and their treatment plan should reflect this individuality. Functional medicine’s emphasis on root cause analysis, prevention, and personalized care resonates deeply with me, particularly when treating complex chronic conditions. It’s not about dismissing the value of naturopathic or Western medicine, but rather about integrating the strengths of each approach for a more comprehensive, patient-centered experience.

“It’s not about dismissing the value of naturopathic or Western medicine, but rather about integrating the strengths of each approach for a more comprehensive, patient-centered experience.”

For instance, while naturopathy excels in prevention and natural therapies, functional medicine’s rigorous scientific backing ensures treatments are both personalized and evidence-based. Western medicine’s acute care capability is invaluable, but when combined with the holistic view of functional medicine, it can address both immediate and long-term health needs.

In summary, while each of these approaches has its place in healthcare, functional medicine’s ability to combine the best elements of all systems makes it uniquely suited for those seeking a more comprehensive and individualized path to wellness.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

References

Axe, J. (2019). Ancient remedies: Secrets to healing with herbs, essential oils, CBD, and the most powerful natural medicine in history. Little, Brown Spark.

Institute for Functional Medicine. (n.d.). What is functional medicine? Retrieved from https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/

Kresser, C. (2017). Unconventional medicine: Join the revolution to reinvent healthcare, reverse chronic disease, and create a practice you love. Las Vegas: Chris Kresser.

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (n.d.). Naturopathy. Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov

Pizzorno, J., & Murray, M. (2012). Textbook of natural medicine. Churchill Livingstone.

Podolsky, S. H. (2015). The antibiotic era: Reform, resistance, and the pursuit of a rational therapeutics. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Whalen, K. (2022). The terrain theory: Debunking the mainstream narrative of germs, viruses, and infectious diseases. CreateSpace Publishing.

Bland, J. (2014). The disease delusion: Conquering the causes of chronic illness for a healthier, longer, and happier life. HarperWave.

Brodie, R., & Green, M. (2019). Integrative medicine: A holistic approach to health and healing. Oxford University Press.

Gonzalez, J., & Mahdavi, R. (2018). Naturopathic medicine: Understanding the principles and practice. Independently Published.

Institute of Medicine. (2005). Complementary and alternative medicine in the United States. National Academies Press.

Understanding Weight Gain and How to Manage It Holistically

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

Weight gain is a complex issue influenced by various factors that often interact in intricate ways. Understanding these causes and their underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective weight management strategies. This blog post will explore the causes of weight gain, the pathophysiology behind it, and how to incorporate a holistic lifestyle and natural remedies to lose weight healthily (Want to know more about GLP1 use for weight loss? See my previous post!).

Causes of Weight Gain

  • Poor diet and nutrition
  • Physical inactivity
  • Genetics
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Medication use
  • Sleep deprivation
  • Stress

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 42% of American adults are obese, largely due to poor dietary choices and excessive calorie intake. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 1 in 4 adults globally are not active enough, contributing to the rising obesity rates. Genetics can account for 40-70% of individual variations in BMI (Body Mass Index), indicating a significant hereditary component. Hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in conditions like hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), can affect metabolism and contribute to weight gain. Certain medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and corticosteroids, are also associated with weight gain. Furthermore, the National Sleep Foundation states that adults who sleep less than 7 hours per night are more likely to have a higher BMI. These factors collectively contribute to the complexity of weight management.

Pathophysiology of Weight Gain

Weight gain occurs due to an imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanisms are more complex. Stress, poor sleep, poor diet, gut dysbiosis, hormones, genetics, and certain medications, hydration status can all lead to changes in our body that promote weight gain.

Stress can increase cortisol levels, which promotes fat storage, particularly around the abdomen.

Poor sleep affects hormones like ghrelin and leptin, which regulate hunger and satiety, leading to increased appetite and weight gain.

Poor diet, especially one high in processed foods and sugars, can lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria, can impair digestion and increase fat storage. A diverse and balanced gut microbiota is essential for efficient digestion and metabolism. Probiotics (such as those found in yogurt, kefir, and fermented vegetables) and prebiotics (found in foods like garlic, onions, and bananas) can promote a healthy gut microbiome.

Hormonal imbalances, such as those seen in hypothyroidism or PCOS, can slow metabolism and promote weight gain. Insulin resistance, often seen in Type II Diabetes, leads to elevated blood sugar levels and increased fat storage. Leptin, a hormone that signals satiety, can become dysregulated in obesity, leading to overeating.

Genetics can influence how our body stores fat and responds to food.

Hydration is also crucial, as dehydration can be mistaken for hunger, leading to overeating.

Certain medications can alter metabolism, appetite, and fat storage. For instance, antipsychotic medications can increase appetite and lead to weight gain. It’s important to work closely with healthcare providers to find the most weight-neutral medications when possible.

“Losing weight is hard. Being overweight is hard. Choose your hard.” – unknown

Incorporating a Holistic Lifestyle and Natural Remedies

Adopting a holistic lifestyle involves making sustainable changes that address the root causes of weight gain. Here’s how you can incorporate natural remedies and healthy habits to manage weight effectively:

Behavior Modification

  • Mindful Eating: Pay attention to hunger and fullness cues to prevent overeating. Eat slowly, savor each bite, and avoid distractions during meals.
  • Consistent Sleep Patterns: Establish a regular sleep schedule and ensure adequate sleep to support metabolic health.

Stress Management

  • Techniques: Engage in stress-reducing activities like yoga, meditation, and deep breathing exercises.
  • Herbs and Supplements: Ashwagandha and Rhodiola can help manage stress levels and balance cortisol.

Good Gut Health

  • Probiotics and Prebiotics: Consume probiotics found in yogurt, kefir, and fermented vegetables, and prebiotics found in garlic, onions, and bananas to promote a healthy gut microbiome. The probiotic Akkermansia has specifically found to be useful in those that struggle with their weight.
  • Diet: Eat a diet rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support gut health.

Holistic Diet

  • Whole Foods: Focus on a balanced diet rich in whole foods, including lean proteins, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates. Stay away from highly processed food like sweets or fast-food.
  • Hydration: Drink plenty of water to aid digestion and prevent overeating.

Fitness

  • Regular Exercise: Incorporate both aerobic exercises (like walking, cycling, or swimming) and strength training to build muscle mass and boost metabolism.
  • Consistency: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week.

Natural Remedies for Weight Loss

I always get asked what are some natural remedies for losing weight. This is a loaded question as the root cause of the weight gain must be discovered first. For example, if a person is exhibiting signs that their thyroid may need to support, then it may be prudent to start with iodine and/or selenium supplementation. If a person shows signs of being androgen-heavy, then using balancing herbs like spearmint may be beneficial. Care should always be individualized and the root cause should never be assumed. Some of my favorite natural options are:

  • Herbs: Green tea extract, Garcinia cambogia, and cayenne pepper can help boost metabolism and aid in weight loss.
  • Homeopathics: Remedies like Calcarea Carbonica and Natrum Mur have been traditionally used to support weight management.
  • Teas: Herbal teas such as dandelion, ginger, and peppermint can support digestion and help with weight management.
  • Probiotics/Gut Health: marshmallow root and/or licorice for healthy gut lining, probiotics like Akkermansia, and polyphenols.

Conclusion

Weight gain is a multifaceted issue influenced by diet, physical activity, genetics, hormones, medication use, sleep patterns, and stress. Understanding the underlying causes and incorporating natural remedies can help manage and prevent weight gain. By adopting a holistic lifestyle and making sustainable changes, individuals can achieve and maintain a healthy weight, improving their overall well-being. For those on a weight loss journey, remember to give yourself grace and celebrate small victories along the way. Every step towards a healthier lifestyle is a step in the right direction.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Adult obesity facts. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html

World Health Organization. (2018). Physical activity. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity

National Sleep Foundation. (2020). How much sleep do we really need? Retrieved from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/how-much-sleep-do-we-really-need

Bray, G. A., & Ryan, D. H. (2020). Update on obesity pharmacotherapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1464(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14332

Kelly, S. A., Neale, M. C., Kendler, K. S., & Eaves, L. J. (2019). Genetics of obesity and body mass index: A review of behavioral genetic research. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 7, 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.12.001

Shulman, G. I. (2014). Ectopic fat in insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(12), 1131-1141. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1011035

Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature, 444(7122), 1027-1031. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05414

Sarris, J., Logan, A. C., Akbaraly, T. N., Amminger, G. P., Balanzá-Martínez, V., Freeman, M. P., … & Mischoulon, D. (2015). Nutritional medicine as mainstream in psychiatry. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(3), 271-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00051-0

Stenholm, S., Head, J., Aalto, V., Kivimäki, M., Kawachi, I., Zins, M., … & Vahtera, J. (2015). Sleep duration and sleep disturbances as predictors of healthy and chronic disease-free life expectancy between ages 50 and 75: a multi-cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu235

van der Klaauw, A. A., & Farooqi, I. S. (2015). The hunger genes: Pathways to obesity. Cell, 161(1), 119-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.008

The Power of Protein: Why It’s Essential for Your Health

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

Protein is one of the three macronutrients essential for human health, alongside carbohydrates and fats. It plays a critical role in the body’s structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs. It wasn’t until I embarked on my own weight loss journey that I fully understood the importance of getting in that protein. Understanding how our body utilizes protein, the benefits it offers, and how to ensure we get enough is crucial for maintaining optimal health.

“Proteins are the machinery of living tissue that builds the structures and carries out the chemical reactions necessary for life. – Michael Behe

How Our Body Utilizes Protein

On a physiological level, proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life. When we consume protein, our digestive system breaks it down into these amino acids, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to various cells and tissues. This allows protein to affect our bodies in the following ways:

1. Muscle Growth and Repair: Proteins are crucial for building and repairing muscles. During exercise, especially resistance training, muscle fibers undergo microscopic tears. Protein helps repair these tears, leading to muscle growth and increased strength.

2. Enzyme and Hormone Production: Many enzymes and hormones are proteins. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body, while hormones regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, and mood.

3. Immune Function: Antibodies, which are proteins, help the immune system identify and neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses. This makes protein vital for maintaining a strong immune defense. Protein also helps us heal when we are sick or injured.

4. Transport and Storage: Proteins like hemoglobin transport oxygen in the blood, while others store nutrients like iron.

5. Structural Support: Proteins such as collagen provide structural support to tissues, including skin, hair, and nails, maintaining their strength and elasticity.

6. Brain Health: Amino acids from protein are precursors to neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which influence mood, cognition, and overall brain function.

Who knew how much protein can do for our body?! Now that we know the benefits of protein, let’s look at what happens when we don’t get enough protein.

Signs and Symptoms of Low Protein

Low protein levels can result from insufficient dietary intake or improper digestion and absorption. Symptoms of protein deficiency include:

  • Muscle wasting or weakness
  • Edema (swelling due to fluid retention)
  • Brittle nails and hair loss
  • Skin issues such as rashes or slow wound healing
  • Increased susceptibility to infections
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Stunted growth in children
  • Slowed metabolism
  • Balance issues
  • GI issues that include: Persistent nausea, abdominal pain, and/or vomiting
  • Increased hunger

If you are experiencing symptoms of low protein, it’s very important to understand why. This is where tracking and use of a basal metabolic rate (BMR) scale can come in handy. Additionally, speaking to your healthcare provider about your symptoms and looking at possible reasons for them is crucial.

Types of Protein

Understanding the different types of protein available on the market can help you choose the best option for your needs. Here are some common types:

1. Whey Protein: Derived from milk, whey protein is a complete protein containing all essential amino acids. It’s quickly absorbed by the body, making it ideal for post-workout recovery.

Pros: High in essential amino acids, quickly absorbed, supports muscle repair and growth.

Cons: Contains lactose, which may cause digestive issues for some people; may contain artificial additives and sweeteners.

2. Whey Isolate: A more refined form of whey protein, whey isolate has most of the lactose and fat removed, making it higher in protein content per serving.

Pros: Higher protein concentration, lower in lactose, fast absorption.

Cons: Can be more expensive, still may contain additives.

3. Plant Protein: Derived from sources like peas, hemp, rice, and soy, plant proteins are an excellent option for vegetarians and vegans.

Pros: Suitable for those with dairy intolerance, often hypoallergenic, contains fiber and other beneficial nutrients.

Cons: May be lower in certain essential amino acids, some blends can have a gritty texture or strong taste.

I do not eat dairy due to a diary-sensitivity, however, I have found that I tolerate whey isolate protein. I also prefer the taste of whey isolate protein over plant protein, however, everyone is different. I always find it nice when companies provide samples before buying a full package of protein as some of them are not cheap. By far, Just Ingredients’ proteins are my favorite and do not break the bank.

Photo by Andres Ayrton on Pexels.com

Clean Protein Sources

Now that we have looked at types of protein, its important to discuss choosing clean protein sources free of heavy metals, chemicals, and preservatives. Here are some reputable companies that offer high-quality, clean protein products:

1. Just Ingredients: Known for their commitment to clean, natural ingredients, Just Ingredients offers protein powders without artificial additives or preservatives.

2. Garden of Life: Offers a range of plant-based protein powders that are certified organic and free from synthetic chemicals and fillers.

3. Orgain: Provides clean, organic protein powders made from plant-based and grass-fed sources, free from artificial ingredients.

4. Primal Kitchen: Known for their paleo-friendly products, Primal Kitchen offers collagen and whey protein powders without artificial additives.

5. Ancient Nutrition: Offers a variety of protein powders, including bone broth protein and multi-collagen protein, sourced from natural and organic ingredients.

Whatever protein you end up buying, make sure to look at the label. A simple method for choosing a good protein is to pick one that has the fewest ingredients. Proteins should not have a page of ingredients. If they do, then you can bet they add a bunch of chemicals and preservatives. The more natural a protein, the healthier it will be.

Recommended Protein Intake

So how much protein should we have in our diet? Research suggests that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight for the average adult. However, this can vary based on age, sex, physical activity level, and health status. For example, athletes or those recovering from illness may require more protein (think 1.0g/kg/day for athletes).

While high protein diets are often promoted, it’s important to note that excessive protein intake can strain the kidneys and may lead to other health issues. Therefore, it’s essential to balance protein intake according to individual needs and medical advice.

Incorporating Protein into Your Diet

Incorporating protein into your diet is easy whether you eat meat or not. To incorporate lean, whole food protein sources into your diet, consider the following tips:

  • Breakfast: Start your day with eggs, Greek yogurt (can do a plant-based yogurt with chia seeds), or a protein smoothie with plant-based protein powder.
  • Lunch: Opt for lean meats like chicken or turkey, or plant-based options like tofu, lentils, or chickpeas.
  • Dinner: Include fish, such as salmon or tuna, or beans and quinoa in your meals.
  • Snacks: Keep nuts, seeds, or protein bars on hand for a quick protein boost.
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Aligning Protein Intake with Circadian Rhythm

To optimize protein utilization, it’s beneficial to distribute protein intake evenly throughout the day. Here’s a suggested schedule that I like to follow:

  • Morning (6-8 AM): Protein-rich breakfast to kickstart metabolism.
  • Mid-Morning (10-11 AM): Protein snack to maintain energy levels.
  • Lunch (12-1 PM): Balanced meal with lean protein.
  • Afternoon (3-4 PM): Another protein snack to avoid energy slumps.
  • Evening (6-8 PM): Protein-rich dinner to support overnight recovery.

Protein is indispensable for numerous bodily functions and overall health. By understanding its importance, recognizing signs of deficiency, and incorporating balanced, whole food protein sources into your diet, you can ensure you’re meeting your body’s needs. Always consider individual requirements and consult with healthcare professionals when determining the right amount of protein for you. Prioritizing clean protein sources from reputable companies can further enhance your health and well-being.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

References

Bilsborough, S., & Mann, N. (2006). A review of issues of dietary protein intake in humans. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16(2), 129-152.

Campbell, W. W., & Leidy, H. J. (2007). Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(6), 696S-703S.

Fielding, R. A., & Parkington, J. (2002). What are the dietary protein requirements of physically active individuals? New Horizons, 10(1), 32-39.

Institute of Medicine. (2005). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). National Academies Press.

Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., … & Ziegenfuss, T. N. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), 1-25.

Phillips, S. M., & Van Loon, L. J. (2011). Dietary protein for athletes: from requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(S1), S29-S38.

Rafii, M., Chapman, K., Owens, J., Elango, R., & Campbell, W. W. (2016). Dietary protein requirements of young adults, the elderly, and individuals with chronic disease. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 69(3-4), 183-190.

Tipton, K. D., & Wolfe, R. R. (2004). Protein and amino acids for athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(1), 65-79.

World Health Organization. (2007). Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition. World Health Organization.

Wolfe, R. R. (2017). Branched-chain amino acids and muscle protein synthesis in humans: myth or reality? Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), 1-7.

The Power of Intermittent Fasting (IF): Your Guide to Incorporating an IF Lifestyle

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

Intermittent fasting (IF) has garnered significant attention in the wellness community for its potential health benefits. By alternating periods of eating and fasting, IF promises to aid in weight loss, improve metabolic health, and enhance overall well-being. I have personally found that incorporating an intermittent fasting plan that is individualized makes a huge difference during times of weight loss plateaus and when the food noise feels out of control. This blog post delves into the different types of intermittent fasting, the cellular mechanisms at play, the latest research on its efficacy, its suitability for different individuals, pros and cons, contraindications, signs of its effectiveness, and practical tips for incorporating it into your lifestyle.

Types of Intermittent Fasting

There are a few different types of IF that you may hear about in research and/or on social media platforms. I always caution my patients that although these are fairly set plans, there is always room to individualize them to meet your needs. No matter what type you choose, it needs to be something that you can do consistently and that fits your lifestyle to promote success. Some of the more popular types include:

  1. 16/8 Method: This method involves fasting for 16 hours and eating within an 8-hour window. For example, eating only between 12 PM and 8 PM.
  2. 5:2 Diet: This approach involves eating normally for five days a week and restricting calorie intake to 500-600 calories on the other two days. On the reverse side, some individualize this and eat a 16/8 IF on weekdays and allow more flexibility on the weekend days.
  3. Eat-Stop-Eat: This involves fasting for 24 hours once or twice a week.
  4. Alternate-Day Fasting: Alternating between days of normal eating and days of fasting or significantly reduced calorie intake.
  5. Warrior Diet: Involves eating small amounts of raw fruits and vegetables during the day and a large meal at night, typically within a 4-hour window.

No matter what type you choose, it needs to be something that you can do consistently and that fits your lifestyle to promote success.

How Intermittent Fasting Works on a Cellular Level

There are many benefits of IF on a cellular and metabolic level. Some of the key benefits include:

  • Glucose and Insulin: During fasting, blood glucose levels drop, leading to decreased insulin secretion. Lower insulin levels facilitate the breakdown of fat for energy. This process can improve insulin sensitivity over time.
  • Autophagy: Fasting triggers autophagy, a cellular cleanup process where cells remove damaged components and regenerate new ones. This can enhance cellular function and longevity.
  • Hormones: Fasting affects several hormones, including ghrelin (hunger hormone), leptin (satiety hormone), and norepinephrine (which increases metabolic rate). These hormonal changes can reduce appetite and increase fat burning.

Additionally, IF can promote consistency in one’s eating schedule and remove the stress of figuring out when to eat something. This is commonly an overlooked aspect when a person begins any lifestyle change. The stress of knowing where to start can be overwhelming. If you only have to worry about eating 8 hours out of the day that can be a significant stress reducer for some.

Latest Research on Intermittent Fasting

Recent studies indicate that intermittent fasting can be effective for weight loss and improving metabolic health. Research shows potential benefits such as reduced inflammation, improved brain health, and extended lifespan in animal studies. However, human studies are still evolving, and long-term effects need more exploration. Notably, IF has shown promise in improving cardiovascular health by reducing risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol levels.

Suitability and Efficacy

Intermittent fasting can be suitable for many people, particularly those looking to lose weight or improve metabolic health. However, it’s essential to approach it with caution and preferably under medical supervision if you have underlying health conditions. IF might not be suitable for:

  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women
  • Individuals with a history of eating disorders
  • Those with certain medical conditions such as diabetes, unless closely monitored by a healthcare provider (A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) can be a wonderful tool for someone that is a diabetic so that blood glucose can be monitored closely).
  • Those with chronic stress and/or anxiety.
  • History of eating disorders

Pros and Cons of Intermittent Fasting

As with any lifestyle change, it is always important to weight the pros and cons. For some, IF works very well and the benefits are plentiful, whereas, for others it increases stress and just doesn’t work for them. At the end of the day, remember that you can always individualize your plan and make adjustments along the way if need be. Some of the pros and cons of IF include:

Photo by picjumbo.com on Pexels.com

Pros:

  • Potential for weight loss and fat loss
  • Improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic health
  • Enhanced brain function and neuroprotection
  • Simplified eating schedules

Cons:

  • Initial adjustment period can be challenging
  • Possible side effects like headaches, dizziness, or irritability
  • Social and lifestyle constraints due to eating windows

Signs of Effective Intermittent Fasting

Everyone likes results. So how do you know if IF is working for you? Again, I feel its important to reiterate that everything should be individualized. Knowing if intermittent fasting is working for you can be observed through:

  • Steady weight loss and fat reduction
  • Improved energy levels and mental clarity
  • Better blood sugar and insulin levels
  • Reduced cravings and improved appetite control

Its always important to know what your goals are so that when you incorporate something new, like IF, you can measure if it is working for you. When I use IF, it is typically to break a cycle of bad cravings (usually around Thanksgiving/Christmas time!). I know that IF is working for me when I feel in control of my eating choices and my food noise isn’t driving me crazy.

Incorporating Intermittent Fasting into Your Lifestyle

So how do you incorporate IF into your daily lifestyle? Here are some tips I have learned along the way to ensure my success:

  1. Start Slowly: Begin with a method like 16/8 and gradually increase fasting periods as your body adapts.
  2. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water and non-caloric beverages during fasting periods.
  3. Balanced Diet: Focus on nutrient-dense foods during eating windows to ensure adequate nutrition.
  4. Listen to Your Body: Pay attention to how your body responds and adjust your fasting schedule as needed.
  5. Consistency: Like any dietary change, consistency is key to seeing results.
Photo by Jenna Hamra on Pexels.com

Let’s bring it all together!

Intermittent fasting can be a powerful tool for improving health and wellness when done correctly. By understanding the different types of IF, how it works on a cellular level, and its potential benefits and drawbacks, you can make an informed decision about incorporating it into your lifestyle. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new dietary regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions. With the right approach, intermittent fasting can be a sustainable and effective strategy for achieving your health goals.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider

References

Anton, S. D., Moehl, K., Donahoo, W. T., Marosi, K., Lee, S. A., Mainous, A. G., … & Mattson, M. P. (2018). Flipping the metabolic switch: Understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting. Obesity, 26(2), 254-268. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22065

Harvie, M. N., & Howell, A. (2017). Could intermittent energy restriction and intermittent fasting reduce cancer risk? A review of evidence and clinical potential. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 455, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.027

Longo, V. D., & Panda, S. (2016). Fasting, circadian rhythms, and time-restricted feeding in healthy lifespan. Cell Metabolism, 23(6), 1048-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.001

Mattson, M. P., Longo, V. D., & Harvie, M. (2017). Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing Research Reviews, 39, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.005

Patterson, R. E., Laughlin, G. A., LaCroix, A. Z., Hartman, S. J., Natarajan, L., Senger, C. M., … & Marinac, C. R. (2015). Intermittent fasting and human metabolic health. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 115(8), 1203-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.018

Sutton, E. F., Beyl, R., Early, K. S., Cefalu, W. T., Ravussin, E., & Peterson, C. M. (2018). Early time-restricted feeding improves insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress even without weight loss in men with prediabetes. Cell Metabolism, 27(6), 1212-1221.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010

Tinsley, G. M., & La Bounty, P. M. (2015). Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutrition Reviews, 73(10), 661-674. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv041

Varady, K. A. (2011). Intermittent versus daily calorie restriction: Which diet regimen is more effective for weight loss? Obesity Reviews, 12(7), e593-e601. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00873.x

Wilkinson, M. J., Manoogian, E. N., Zadourian, A., Lo, H., Fakhouri, S., Shoghi, A., … & Panda, S. (2020). Ten-hour time-restricted eating reduces weight, blood pressure, and atherogenic lipids in patients with metabolic syndrome. Cell Metabolism, 31(1), 92-104.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.004

Zehtabchi, S., Sinert, R., Kish, K., & Mattu, A. (2020). Fasting and metabolism: The biology of intermittent fasting. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 38(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2019.09.002

Foundations of Health: A Holistic Approach to Wellness and Weight Management

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

In our fast-paced world, achieving and maintaining a sense of wellness and (especially) a healthy weight is often framed in terms of diet and exercise alone. There were many times during my own wellness journey that I was told to “just cut some calories” and “run more if you want to lose weight”. However, I discovered that true wellness encompasses much more. A holistic approach to health considers various foundational elements that include: water, food, exercise, air, sunlight, rest, energy, and spirituality. Each of these components plays a critical role in overall wellness that, ultimately, leads to better weight management. Let’s explore how they interconnect and how you can incorporate them into your daily life for optimal health.

Water: The Elixir of Life

Water (not coffee, juice, or soda—they don’t count!) is essential for every cellular function in our bodies. It aids in digestion, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination. Proper hydration can boost metabolism, making it easier to maintain a healthy weight. Aim to drink at least half your body weight in ounces of water daily. Start your day with a glass of water and carry a refillable bottle to stay hydrated throughout the day. I am a huge fan of my Stanley cup and make it my goal to drink (2) full Stanley cups (40oz each) per day. Be creative with your water too. I like to add fruit, herbal teas, organic flavor packets, and minerals. However you decide to get your water in, just make sure that you are drinking clean water that is free of harmful chemicals (and sugars) if utilizing a flavor packet.

Food: Nourishment and Fuel

The food we consume is the fuel that powers our bodies. A diet rich in whole foods—fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains—provides essential nutrients that support metabolic function and overall health. Avoid processed foods high in sugars and unhealthy fats, which can lead to weight gain and chronic health issues. Instead, focus on balanced meals that include a variety of colorful, nutrient-dense foods. I always tell my kids to “eat the rainbow”. This is not only what our bodies need, but always makes cooking fun!

Exercise: Movement for Life

Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and overall wellness. Exercise not only burns calories but also builds muscle, improves cardiovascular health, and boosts mood through the release of endorphins. Incorporate a mix of aerobic exercises, strength training, and flexibility workouts like yoga into your routine. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. I won’t get on my soapbox in this post, but it is also important to remember that exercise should be something you enjoy verses something that completely stresses your body out. If your body is completely stressed out because of what you are doing and/or because you are working out to much or too often, then your stress hormones will elevate. This then can cause an increase in inflammation which can throw your hormones off and cause rebound weight gain. I had to learn this the hard way on my journey as I was an avid runner, but became frustrated when I couldn’t get passed 180lbs. It sounded counterintuitive at the time, but decreasing my weekly runs to two times per week (<30 min each time) and adding in two weight training days (15 min each) and daily yoga (10-15 min each time) made all the difference for me.

Photo by Nathan Cowley on Pexels.com

Air: The Breath of Wellness

Clean air is vital for our respiratory health and overall well-being. I’m not just talking about tossing that tobacco habit either. Pollution and toxins can impair lung function and increase the risk of various diseases. Practice deep breathing exercises to improve lung capacity and reduce stress. Spend time in nature where air quality is generally better, and consider using air purifiers in your home to maintain a clean indoor environment. In my house, we have an air purify and/or salt lamp in every room to help cleanse the air. I have also made deep breathing and meditation a daily morning habit that has done wonders for my stress levels.

Sunlight: The Natural Energizer

Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, which is essential for bone health, immune function, and mood regulation. Exposure to sunlight helps regulate our circadian rhythms, improving sleep quality and energy levels. Aim for at least 15-30 minutes of sunlight exposure each day, preferably first thing in the morning. Protect your skin with appropriate clothing and sunscreen to prevent overexposure. This is especially important for those that live in the northern parts of the U.S. where our sunlight exposure is somewhat limited at times.

Rest: The Rejuvenator

Quality sleep is fundamental to health and weight management. During sleep, our bodies repair tissues, consolidate memories, and regulate hormones that control hunger and metabolism. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night. Establish a regular sleep schedule, create a restful environment, and practice good sleep hygiene by avoiding screens before bedtime. I also find it helpful to take breaks during the day. Many times our busy lives force us to work through lunch breaks. I would encourage you to not do that if possible. Take those breaks as a time to decompress, deep breathe, and re-center yourself. Rest isn’t just about sleeping at night. It’s also about finding that those quite moments where we can bring our mind back into the present and just be.

Energy: The Vital Force

Our bodies operate on a complex system of energy derived from food, sleep, and our environment. Maintaining balanced energy levels throughout the day supports productivity, mood, and physical activity. Monitor your energy patterns and adjust your lifestyle to include regular meals, hydration, exercise, and relaxation techniques to keep your energy steady. Sometimes we need to have our energy unblocked and/or reset by enjoying a massage and/or by doing an acupuncture session. Lymph support is also important for proper energy flow, so incorporating sauna sessions, rebounding, etc… can also be helpful.

Spirituality: The Inner Connection

Spirituality can provide a sense of purpose, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being. I cannot stress enough that this doesn’t necessarily mean religion; it can be any practice that brings you peace and connection, such as meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature. Spiritual practices can help you stay grounded, reduce emotional eating, and foster a positive mindset towards your health journey. My relationship with Christ has not been centered around a church membership, but rather it has been centered around me finding my purpose in Him and personally growing to meet that purpose. This has been an aspect of my journey that has been so important as I had to realize that my value was more than my weight. I had a higher purpose in life than to be skinny and look great in a bathing suit. Sometimes spirituality is about bringing perspective verses adding in another set of rules for our life.

Photo by Lucas Pezeta on Pexels.com

Integrating the Foundations into Daily Life

So how do you incorporate the foundations of health? I will be the first to say that how you incorporate them should fit you and your lifestyle. They should not cause extra stress, but should create a sense of freedom. I always tell my patients that I hate fad diets because so many of them are made as a one-size fits all. We are all different so that doesn’t even make sense. So here is a starting point on how you can integrate them into your daily routine. Try a couple and see if they work for you.

  1. Morning Routine: Start your day with a glass of water, a nutritious breakfast, and some sunlight exposure.
  2. Daily Movement: Incorporate regular physical activity, whether it’s a morning jog, a yoga session, or an evening walk.
  3. Mindful Eating: Focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods and avoid processed options. Practice mindful eating by paying attention to hunger and fullness cues.
  4. Hydration: Keep a water bottle with you and sip throughout the day.
  5. Clean Air: Spend time outdoors in nature and ensure your indoor spaces are well-ventilated.
  6. Restful Sleep: Establish a calming nighttime routine to ensure quality sleep.
  7. Energy Balance: Listen to your body and adjust your activities and diet to maintain balanced energy levels. Go enjoy that massage you’ve been needing!
  8. Spiritual Practices: Incorporate activities that nourish your spirit, such as meditation, prayer, or connecting with nature.

By embracing these foundations of health, you create a comprehensive approach to wellness that goes beyond weight loss. This holistic lifestyle not only supports your physical health but also enhances your mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life.

I would love to hear any questions you may have and/or any topics you would like me to cover. Feel free to leave comments below!

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

Published: 06/24/2024

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.

References

  1. Armstrong, L. E. (2007). Assessing hydration status: The elusive gold standard. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(sup5), 575S-584S.
  2. Ludwig, D. S. (2018). Always hungry?: Conquer cravings, retrain your fat cells, and lose weight permanently. Hachette UK.
  3. Powell, K. E., Paluch, A. E., & Blair, S. N. (2011). Physical activity for health: What kind? How much? How intense? On top of what?. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 349-365.
  4. Schraufnagel, D. E., Balmes, J. R., Cowl, C. T., De Matteis, S., Jung, S. H., Mortimer, K., … & Thurston, G. D. (2019). Air pollution and noncommunicable diseases: A review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, part 1: The damaging effects of air pollution. Chest, 155(2), 409-416.
  5. Holick, M. F. (2007). Vitamin D deficiency. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(3), 266-281.
  6. Irwin, M. R. (2015). Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 143-172.
  7. Sapolsky, R. M. (2004). Why zebras don’t get ulcers: The acclaimed guide to stress, stress-related diseases, and coping. Macmillan.
  8. Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN psychiatry, 2012.
  9. Penedo, F. J., & Dahn, J. R. (2005). Exercise and well-being: a review of mental and physical health benefits associated with physical activity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(2), 189-193.
  10. Figueroa, S., Sanchez-Romero, L. M., & Amigo, H. (2020). Water, hydration and health. Nutrients, 12(2), 303.

My Wellness Journey: From 254lbs to 120lbs

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, Weight Loss

This month marks the 9th anniversary of when I made a promise to myself that I would not give up on myself. In 2015, my life wasn’t where I wanted it to be physically and mentally. I had a great career and a wonderful, supportive family, but my ability to enjoy life felt limited. As a Family Nurse Practitioner, I was expected to promote health and wellness, yet I felt like a total hypocrite discussing this. My endocrinologist informed me that I would struggle with my weight forever due to Type II Diabetes and the absence of my thyroid, which was removed in 2010 following a Papillary Thyroid cancer diagnosis. At my heaviest, I weighed 254lbs and struggled to even play with my young children. I knew I had to make a change for myself and for my family. I always tell people I felt like I was trapped inside a body that I knew could be so much more.

Determined to improve my health, I turned to Beachbody (I really can’t say enough good things about this company!). This program provided a structured approach that I desperately needed at the time. That’s the hardest part, right? Where do you start when something is completely new to you?Through portion control and dedicated workouts, particularly the 22 Minute Hard Core program, I managed to lose 50lbs. I was so proud of this as I did it on my own. However, my progress was not without setbacks and I eventually found myself in pain and in a plateau. I developed persistent sciatica, which hindered my ability to be active and even pick up my kids at times.

In search of relief, I discovered yoga. The impact was so profound that I earned my 200-hour yoga certification and began teaching at a local gym. Embracing yoga introduced me to the Ayurvedic lifestyle, which further improved my eating habits and overall wellness. This phase of my life helped me shed an additional 20lbs, and made my sciatica almost non-existent. Despite this, I eventually found myself stuck in another plateau at 180lbs. I always tell people this plateau was the most frustrating as I had come so far but struggled mentally that I wasn’t doing enough. My mental health and confidence also took another hit as I also began dealing with loose skin at this point. Anybody that has dealt with loose skin can attest to how hard it is to deal with not just the physical concerns that loose skin causes but also the mental and emotional concerns. I needed a better option.

To address the loose skin and enhance my confidence, I opted for a tummy tuck. This surgery was life-changing. It not only improved my physical appearance and back health but also boosted my mental well-being and workout efficiency. I cannot say enough positives about getting a tummy tuck. Although it is not for everyone and is definitely NOT a painless surgery, it was well worth it. Despite these improvements, I remained at a weight plateau.

Seeking further assistance, I consulted a certified weight loss doctor who prescribed Ozempic. This medication helped me break through my plateau, leading to better blood sugar control and no more insulin. However, I experienced a significant loss of muscle mass, a trade-off that I will delve into in future posts. With the help of medications (Ozempic/Wegovy/Mounjaro), I reached 140lbs but then faced another plateau for over a year.

At the start of 2024, frustrated and aware that something was off with my hormones, I sought the help of a naturopath. My stress levels were sky high due to work stress, my sleep left much to be desired, my poor husband wasn’t sure what mood I would be in each day, and my weight loss was stagnant. It was at this point, a food intolerance test revealed that dairy was a major issue for me. Eliminating dairy from my diet was transformative: my migraines disappeared, my skin and hair improved, my sleep quality increased, and my inflammatory markers normalized for the first time ever! Finally, I broke through my plateau and reached my goal weight of 120lbs by summer.

From 2016 to now, I have lost a total of 135lbs and have achieved my best mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual health. This journey has been challenging but incredibly rewarding. It has taught me that weight loss is not just about calories in and out; it’s about finding balance and understanding your body. Through my personal journey, wellness has become my passion, and I enjoy coming alongside others to support them achieve their wellness goals. I truly believe everyone deserves to feel their best. I look forward to sharing more insights from my journey (there is just so much!) and helping others on their path to health each week in this blog.

Never give up—your wellness journey is worth every step.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.

Shedding Light on Mental Health: The Benefits of Red Light Therapy

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, mental health

As Mental Health Awareness Month continues, it’s paramount to explore innovative approaches to enhancing mental well-being. One such approach gaining traction is red light therapy. This non-invasive treatment has shown promising results in alleviating symptoms of various mental health conditions, offering a ray of hope to those seeking alternative solutions.

Understanding Red Light Therapy and near-infrared (NIR) Therapy:

Red light therapy, also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM), involves exposure to low levels of red or near-infrared light. Red light therapy typically utilizes wavelengths in the range of 620 to 700 nanometers (nm), primarily targeting the visible red light spectrum. This light penetrates the skin to stimulate cellular function, promoting healing and regeneration. Red light therapy is commonly used for skincare, wound healing, pain relief, and reducing inflammation.

Near-Infrared Therapy or (NIR) utilizes wavelengths ranging from approximately 700 to 1100 nm, falling just beyond the visible red light spectrum. Near-infrared light penetrates deeper into the body, reaching muscles, joints, and deeper tissues. Near-infrared therapy primarily targets deeper tissues and has profound effects on cellular metabolism, promoting ATP production and facilitating tissue repair and regeneration. It can also help improve blood circulation and reduce oxidative stress. It is widely used for pain management, muscle recovery, joint health, and promoting overall tissue repair. It has applications in sports medicine, physical therapy, and rehabilitation, as well as in treating various chronic conditions such as arthritis and neuropathy.

At the cellular level, red light therapy works by enhancing mitochondrial function. Mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, absorb photons from the red light, leading to increased ATP production. This boost in cellular energy facilitates various biological processes, including tissue repair and neurotransmitter synthesis, which are crucial for mental health.

Mental Health Benefits

Red light therapy has shown promise in improving mental health through several mechanisms:

  1. Neuroprotection: Red light therapy may protect neurons from damage and promote neuronal regeneration, potentially mitigating the progression of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
  2. Mood Regulation: By influencing neurotransmitter levels, particularly serotonin and dopamine, red light therapy may help regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
  3. Stress Reduction: Reducing inflammation and promoting relaxation, red light therapy can help mitigate the effects of chronic stress on mental health.
  4. Improved Sleep Quality: Red light therapy has been shown to regulate circadian rhythms and improve sleep patterns. By enhancing melatonin production and reducing nighttime cortisol levels, it can promote deeper and more restful sleep, which is essential for mental health and well-being.
  5. Enhanced Cognitive Function: Red light therapy may support cognitive function by promoting neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. It can help improve memory, focus, and overall cognitive performance, which are essential components of mental health and resilience.
  6. Reduced Symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Red light therapy has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a type of depression that occurs at specific times of the year, typically during the winter months. By mimicking natural sunlight and regulating serotonin levels, it can help combat the depressive symptoms associated with SAD.
  7. Faster Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Red light therapy has demonstrated neuroprotective effects and can facilitate the recovery process in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It promotes neuronal repair and regeneration, reduces inflammation, and improves blood flow to the injured brain regions, leading to faster recovery and improved mental function.

Popular Brands and Considerations

When considering red light therapy devices, quality and reliability are paramount. You may see red lights being sold on Amazon for $20, however it is extremely important to look at the quality of the product. There are “imposter” products on the market that utilized standard light that is colored red or some have even been found to use lights with UV rays (which are harmful!). Note, that good, quality products are not typically cheap. Here are three reputable brands along with their pros and cons:

  1. Joovv: Known for its high-quality panels, Joovv offers a range of red light therapy devices suitable for home use. Pros include FDA clearance and customizable settings. However, the initial cost can be prohibitive for some.
  2. Mito Red Light: Mito Red Light offers portable devices designed for convenience. Their products are known for their affordability, ease of use, and effectiveness in delivering red light therapy benefits. However, some users report issues with longevity. I do really like this brand and would highly recommend!
  3. PlatinumLED Therapy Lights: PlatinumLED Therapy Lights offers a variety of red light therapy panels suitable for home and professional use. Their devices are praised for their high irradiance, full-body coverage, and durable construction.
  4. RedTherapyCo: RedTherapyCo specializes in high-quality red light therapy devices for both personal and professional use. Their products are known for their efficacy in delivering therapeutic red light wavelengths and promoting overall wellness.
  5. GembaRed: GembaRed offers a range of red light therapy panels designed to deliver targeted light therapy for specific areas of the body. Their devices are praised for their compact design, ease of use, and effectiveness in providing red light therapy benefits.

Cautions and Contradictions

While generally safe, red light therapy may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy or skin cancer, should consult with a healthcare professional before starting treatment. Additionally, prolonged exposure to high-intensity light may cause eye damage, emphasizing the importance of wearing protective eyewear.

Incorporating Red Light Therapy into Daily Routine

Incorporating red light therapy into your daily routine is straightforward:

  1. Establish a Schedule: Determine the optimal time and duration for sessions, typically ranging from a few minutes to half an hour.
  2. Positioning: Place the device at an appropriate distance from your skin, following the manufacturer’s guidelines.
  3. Consistency: Commit to regular sessions to maximize the benefits of red light therapy for mental health.

As we navigate the complexities of mental health, exploring innovative treatments like red light therapy offers hope for those seeking effective solutions. By harnessing the power of light at a cellular level, we illuminate a path toward improved well-being and resilience. Let’s shine a light on mental health, one wavelength at a time.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

Published: 04/13/2024

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.

References

  1. Avci, P., Gupta, A., Sadasivam, M., Vecchio, D., Pam, Z., Pam, N., & Hamblin, M. R. (2013). Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 32(1), 41-52.
  2. Hamblin, M. R. (2017). Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophysics, 4(3), 337-361.
  3. Hamblin, M. R. (2018). Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury and stroke. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 6(1), 1-8.
  4. Naeser, M. A., Saltmarche, A., Krengel, M. H., Hamblin, M. R., Knight, J. A., & Goebel, D. J. (2011). Significant improvements in cognitive performance post-transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, mild traumatic brain injury: open-protocol study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28(5), 1-22.
  5. Ribeiro, M. S., Da Silva, D. F. T., De Araújo, C. E. P., De Oliveira, S. F., & Gomez, R. S. (2016). Photobiomodulation (LED and laser), as biomodulatory therapy in neurodegenerative diseases: A literature review. Laser Therapy, 25(3), 215-221.
  6. Zomorrodi, R., & Bernhardt, N. (2021). Low-level light therapy: a review of its application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 34(1), 7-15.

Harnessing the Power of Green Tea: A Stress-Relief Elixir and Matcha Coconut Yogurt Bowl Recipe

by Roxy Functional Wellness, posted in Health & Wellness, stress management

Stress seems to be an inevitable part of our daily lives (I know it is in mine!). From hectic work schedules to family responsibilities, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed sometimes. However, amidst the chaos, there lies a natural remedy that has been cherished for centuries: green tea. Not only does green tea offer a plethora of health benefits, but it also has the potential to significantly improve stress management. Let’s delve into the wonders of green tea and explore one of my favorite breakfast recipes for a dairy-free matcha coconut yogurt bowl that incorporates the stress-relieving properties of green tea, chia seeds, and pumpkin seeds.

The Stress-Relieving Benefits of Green Tea:

  1. L-Theanine: Green tea contains an amino acid called L-theanine, which is known for its calming effects on the mind. L-theanine promotes relaxation without causing drowsiness, making it an excellent choice for stress relief.
  2. Antioxidants: Loaded with powerful antioxidants called catechins, green tea helps combat oxidative stress in the body. These antioxidants protect cells from damage and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases as it prevents the build up of inflammation in the body.
  3. Cortisol Regulation: Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, can wreak havoc on our bodies when levels are elevated for prolonged periods. Studies suggest that green tea may help regulate cortisol levels, thereby promoting a more balanced stress response (Yes please!).
  4. Improved Brain Function: The combination of caffeine and L-theanine in green tea can enhance cognitive function and improve mood. This synergistic effect helps boost alertness and concentration while keeping stress at bay.

The Nutritional Powerhouses: Pumpkin Seeds and Chia Seeds:

Pumpkin Seeds:

  • Rich in magnesium, pumpkin seeds play a vital role in relaxation and stress reduction. Magnesium helps calm the nervous system and can promote better sleep quality. This then prevents the over-secretion of cortisol.
  • High in antioxidants like vitamin E and zinc, pumpkin seeds protect cells from damage caused by oxidative stress and support overall immune function.
  • The amino acid tryptophan found in pumpkin seeds aids in the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and promotes feelings of well-being.

Chia Seeds:

  • Packed with omega-3 fatty acids, chia seeds support brain health and help reduce inflammation in the body. A healthy brain is better equipped to cope with stress.
  • High in fiber, chia seeds promote digestive health and keep blood sugar levels stable, preventing energy crashes that can exacerbate stress.
  • Chia seeds are a good source of essential minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which play key roles in muscle relaxation and stress management.
  • Chia seeds are also one of the highest protein seeds that you can eat, which is a great bonus if you are trying to get your protein in.

Recipe: Dairy-Free Matcha Coconut Yogurt Bowl with Chia and Pumpkin Seeds

Ingredients:

  • 1 cup dairy-free coconut yogurt (you can always use Greek yogurt, but I am dairy-free)
  • 1 teaspoon matcha powder (preferably organic to prevent chemical/additive exposure)
  • 1 tablespoon maple syrup or honey (optional, for sweetness)
  • 1 tablespoon chia seeds
  • 1 tablespoon pumpkin seeds
  • Fresh berries (such as strawberries, blueberries, or raspberries), for topping
  • 1/8-1/4 cup of granola (I like Purely Elizabeth Vanilla Almond Butter)
  • Unsweetened coconut flakes or cacao nibs, for garnish.

Instructions:

  1. In a mixing bowl, combine the dairy-free coconut yogurt, matcha powder, and maple syrup or honey (if using). Stir until the matcha powder is fully incorporated and the yogurt is smooth.
  2. Sprinkle the chia seeds and pumpkin seeds over the yogurt mixture, and gently fold them in until evenly distributed.
  3. Transfer the matcha coconut yogurt mixture to serving bowls.
  4. Top each bowl with fresh berries of your choice, granola, and a sprinkle of unsweetened coconut flakes for added flavor and texture.
  5. Serve immediately and enjoy as a nutritious and stress-relieving breakfast or snack.

By incorporating green tea, pumpkin seeds, and chia seeds into your diet, you can harness the power of nature to combat stress and promote overall well-being. Whether enjoyed in a soothing cup of tea or as part of a delicious yogurt bowl, these wholesome ingredients offer a holistic approach to stress management that nourishes both body and mind. So, take a moment to sip on some green tea and savor the tranquility it brings to your day.

Written By: Roxanne Oliver, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC

Published: 04/13/2024

*The information contained in this post is for information only. It does not replace routine follow-up and/or care with a certified and licensed medical provider.

References

  1. Boyle, Neil B., et al. “The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress—a systematic review.” Nutrients 9.5 (2017): 429.
  2. Cabrera, Carmen, Reyes Artacho, and Rafael Giménez. “Beneficial effects of green tea—a review.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25.2 (2006): 79-99.
  3. Coelho, Christiane Candice, et al. “Omega-3-rich chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) oil formulations ameliorate lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects and associated oxidative stress: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.” Nutrients 11.2 (2019): 341.
  4. Kimura, Kenta, et al. “L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses.” Biological psychology 74.1 (2007): 39-45.
  5. Li, Kai, et al. “Effect of pumpkin seed oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014).
  6. Nieman, David C., et al. “Chia seed supplementation and disease risk factors in overweight women: a metabolomics investigation.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 24.3 (2018): 293-299.
  7. Unno, Keiko, et al. “Anti-stress effect of green tea with lowered caffeine on humans: A pilot study.” Biological psychology 74.1 (2007): 39-45.
  8. Wang, H., N. F. Lucas, and P. N. Weil. “Pumpkin seed extracts and proteins: embryotoxicity and oxytocin-like effects.” Journal of ethnopharmacology 6.1 (1982): 201-208.